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		<title>HM King Mihai I de Romania 2011 Christmas Message to the Romanian People</title>
		<link>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/12/3579/</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/12/3579/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Dec 2011 09:35:57 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Diaspora]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OPINION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PEOPLE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quotations]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA["HM King Mihai I de Romania"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[2011]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Christmas]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Romania]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/?p=3579</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<strong>HM King Mihai I de Romania 2011 Christmas Message to the Romanian People
</strong>
In 1940, after the departure of my father, I addressed you for the first time, on New Year’s Eve. I was, then, nineteen-years old, and our Country and, indeed, the whole Continent, were at war. 

Today, from la Săvârşin, I am sending you my message, after seventy years of a nearly unbroken tradition. From Bucharest, Sinaia, Versoix, or from Săvârşin my message is addressed to you with the same love, care, respect and hope. In this year of 2011, the same as it happened during my childhood years, or during the trying years of the War, grandparents, parents and children gather, around the Christmas tree, offering gifts, sharing the Christmas repast and being close to the dear ones.
During 2011, I met Romanians from all corners of our country and indeed from Europe. The festivities during the 90th year jubilee gave me the opportunity of meeting thousands of Romanians, who came to Săvârşin or Elisabeta Palace for a celebration which inspired the whole country. This proof of affection and love, crowned by the address given from Parliament to the Romanian Nation had the effect of soothing
the sufferings and shortcomings which we confronted during past decades. 
The Queen and I are happy to gather our family around us and acknowledge all that our children and grandchildren endeavored so that the role of the Royal House may continue, for the good of Romania. The nativity of Our Lord, Jesus Christ, is indeed a family history, a family tried by difficult times, a beautiful lesson about the care given to ordinary people, just as ourselves are part of a greater family. This is a lesson not only  of humility, but of pride, of pain as it is of an uplifting sentiment of humanity. In today’s world, this is a much-needed example, when so many people feel forgotten, humiliated or misunderstood.
As the New Year approaches, we wish it to be better than the year past. I have no doubt that we shall experience times of uncertainty and much left to be desired. Yet, we shall never have a chance to secure a safe path for the new generations if we always leave it to others to take care of our responsibilities.

This time of the year, my thoughts go to the Romanian soldiers, who risk their lives and their families’ happiness for the good of the Country. All my thoughts are extended to those who feel abandoned, unloved, or who are unwell. I address my good wishes to those Romanians who know that they contributed something worthwhile for the progress of their country. For the year 2012, I wish the Romanian people and those dearest to them, young and old, living within or without the boundaries of our country, a Happy Christmas, a peaceable spirit and many happy wishes to be shared by those dearest to them.
So help me God!
Mihai R.
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_3582" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 203px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/iHM-King-Mihai-I.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/iHM-King-Mihai-I.jpg" alt="" title="HM King Mihai I" width="193" height="261" class="size-full wp-image-3582" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">H.M. King Mihai I de Romania</p></div>
<p><strong>HM King Mihai I de Romania 2011 Christmas Message to the Romanian People<br />
</strong><br />
In 1940, after the departure of my father, I addressed you for the first time, on New Year’s Eve. I was, then, nineteen-years old, and our Country and, indeed, the whole Continent, were at war. </p>
<p>Today, from la Săvârşin, I am sending you my message, after seventy years of a nearly unbroken tradition. From Bucharest, Sinaia, Versoix, or from Săvârşin my message is addressed to you with the same love, care, respect and hope.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/regele_mihai_i_de_romania.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/regele_mihai_i_de_romania-300x244.jpg" alt="" title="Former Romanian King Michael waves to supporters from the terrace of the Elisabeta Palace in Bucharest" width="300" height="244" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3583" /></a></p>
<p>The passing of the years enables one to see how things had evolved and what had remained unchanged. Something which remained unaltered, in the life of Romanians, is the importance given by each family to Christmas and the New Year. The same festive thrill, the same wish to do good, to open one’s spirit to the miracle of the birth of Christ. During the last decade, at Săvârşin, our Family was able to enjoy the same folk traditions and family spirit which remained almost unaltered.</p>
<p>In this year of 2011, the same as it happened during my childhood years, or during the trying years of the War, grandparents, parents and children gather, around the Christmas tree, offering gifts, sharing the Christmas repast and being close to the dear ones.<br />
During 2011, I met Romanians from all corners of our country and indeed from Europe. The festivities during the 90th year jubilee gave me the opportunity of meeting thousands of Romanians, who came to Săvârşin or Elisabeta Palace for a celebration which inspired the whole country. This proof of affection and love, crowned by the address given from Parliament to the Romanian Nation had the effect of soothing<br />
the sufferings and shortcomings which we confronted during past decades.<br />
The Queen and I are happy to gather our family around us and acknowledge all that our children and grandchildren endeavored so that the role of the Royal House may continue, for the good of Romania. The nativity of Our Lord, Jesus Christ, is indeed a family history, a family tried by difficult times, a beautiful lesson about the care given to ordinary people, just as ourselves are part of a greater family. This is a lesson not only  of humility, but of pride, of pain as it is of an uplifting sentiment of humanity. In today’s world, this is a much-needed example, when so many people feel forgotten, humiliated or misunderstood.</p>
<p>As the New Year approaches, we wish it to be better than the year past. I have no doubt that we shall experience times of uncertainty and much left to be desired. Yet, we shall never have a chance to secure a safe path for the new generations if we always leave it to others to take care of our responsibilities.</p>
<p>This time of the year, my thoughts go to the Romanian soldiers, who risk their lives and their families’ happiness for the good of the Country. All my thoughts are extended to those who feel abandoned, unloved, or who are unwell. I address my good wishes to those Romanians who know that they contributed something worthwhile for the progress of their country. For the year 2012, I wish the Romanian people and those dearest to them, young and old, living within or without the boundaries of our country, a Happy Christmas, a peaceable spirit and many happy wishes to be shared by those dearest to them.<br />
So help me God!<br />
Mihai R.</p>
<div id="attachment_3586" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 270px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/521px-kingdom_of_romania.png"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/521px-kingdom_of_romania-260x300.png" alt="" title="521px-kingdom_of_romania" width="260" height="300" class="size-medium wp-image-3586" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Romanian Royal Coat of Arms</p></div>
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		<item>
		<title>HM King Mihai I de Romania &#8211; Christmas Address to the Romanian People</title>
		<link>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/12/hm-king-mihai-i-de-romania-christmas-address-to-the-romanian-people/</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/12/hm-king-mihai-i-de-romania-christmas-address-to-the-romanian-people/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Dec 2011 22:31:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>editor</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PEOPLE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quotations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["M.S. Regele Mihai I de Romania"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[2011]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Craciun]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mesaj]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regal]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/?p=3569</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[HM King Mihai I de Romania - Christmas Address to the Romanian People:
Trecerea anilor îţi dă posibilitatea să vezi ce s-a schimbat în lume şi ce anume a rămas. Un lucru neschimbat în viaţa românilor este importanţa pe care familia o acordă Crăciunului şi Anului Nou. Acelaşi fior al sărbătorilor, acelaşi îndemn la bunătate, la deschiderea sufletului şi la minunea Naşterii Domnului. Ultimii zece ani la Săvârşin au adus Familiei mele bucuria de a vedea tradiţiile populare şi entuziasmul familiilor de la ţară aproape neschimbate.

Şi astăzi, în 2011, ca şi în anii copilăriei mele sau anii grei ai războiului, bunicii, părinţii şi copiii, alături de restul familiei se adună în jurul bradului, îşi oferă daruri, petrec la masa de Crăciun şi se bucură de apropierea celui drag.
În anul 2011 am avut multe întâlniri cu români din toate colţurile ţării şi de pe multe meleaguri ale Europei. Sărbătorirea Jubileului de 90 de ani mi-a dat ocazia să primesc mii de oameni la Palatul Elisabeta şi la Săvârşin, într-o sărbătoare care a cuprins întreaga suflare românească. Această dovadă de iubire şi de preţuire, încununată de adresarea de la tribuna Parlamentului către Naţiunea română, a fost o alinare pentru toate suferinţele şi neajunsurile pe care a trebuit să le trecem cu toţii în ultimele decenii.

Regina şi cu mine suntem fericiţi să avem alături familia noastră şi să vedem cât de mult copiii şi nepoţii noştri fac pentru ca rostul Casei Regale să continue, pentru binele României.
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/387px-Stema_Regala.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/387px-Stema_Regala.jpg" alt="" title="387px-Stema_Regala" width="387" height="599" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3575" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Mesajul adresat de Majestatea Sa Regele Mihai I pentru români, cu ocazia sărbătorilor de Crăciun 2011:<br />
</strong></p>
<p>În anul 1940, după plecarea tatălui meu, am adresat primul mesaj de Anul Nou către voi. Aveam 19 ani, iar ţara şi continentul nostru se aflau în război.</p>
<p>În aceste zile, de la Săvârşin, vă transmit mesajul meu, după şaptezeci de ani de tradiţie aproape neîntreruptă. De la Bucureşti, Sinaia, Versoix sau Săvârşin, cuvintele mele s-au îndreptat mereu către voi cu aceeaşi iubire, grijă, respect şi speranţă.</p>
<p>Trecerea anilor îţi dă posibilitatea să vezi ce s-a schimbat în lume şi ce anume a rămas. Un lucru neschimbat în viaţa românilor este importanţa pe care familia o acordă Crăciunului şi Anului Nou. Acelaşi fior al sărbătorilor, acelaşi îndemn la bunătate, la deschiderea sufletului şi la minunea Naşterii Domnului. Ultimii zece ani la Săvârşin au adus Familiei mele bucuria de a vedea tradiţiile populare şi entuziasmul familiilor de la ţară aproape neschimbate.</p>
<p>Şi astăzi, în 2011, ca şi în anii copilăriei mele sau anii grei ai războiului, bunicii, părinţii şi copiii, alături de restul familiei se adună în jurul bradului, îşi oferă daruri, petrec la masa de Crăciun şi se bucură de apropierea celui drag.</p>
<p>În anul 2011 am avut multe întâlniri cu români din toate colţurile ţării şi de pe multe meleaguri ale Europei. Sărbătorirea Jubileului de 90 de ani mi-a dat ocazia să primesc mii de oameni la Palatul Elisabeta şi la Săvârşin, într-o sărbătoare care a cuprins întreaga suflare românească. Această dovadă de iubire şi de preţuire, încununată de adresarea de la tribuna Parlamentului către Naţiunea română, a fost o alinare pentru toate suferinţele şi neajunsurile pe care a trebuit să le trecem cu toţii în ultimele decenii.</p>
<p>Regina şi cu mine suntem fericiţi să avem alături familia noastră şi să vedem cât de mult copiii şi nepoţii noştri fac pentru ca rostul Casei Regale să continue, pentru binele României.</p>
<p>Naşterea Domnului Isus Hristos este tot povestea unei familii. O familie aflată în împrejurări grele. O frumoasă lecţie despre grija faţă de cei neînsemnaţi, despre cum noi, oamenii, suntem parte a unei mari familii. O lecţie de umilinţă, dar şi de mândrie. De durere, dar şi de înălţătoare umanitate. O lecţie necesară în lumea de astăzi, în care atâţia oameni se simt uitaţi, umiliţi sau neînţeleşi.</p>
<p>Se apropie un nou an, pe care vi-l doresc tuturor mai bun decât cel trecut! Sunt sigur că vor fi în continuare momente de cumpănă şi că multe aspecte din viaţa noastră vor lăsa încă de dorit. Nu avem nici o şansă de a aşterne un drum solid generaţiilor viitoare dacă vom lăsa mereu pe ceilalţi să rezolve ceea ce este răspunderea noastră.</p>
<p>Transmit gândul meu bun soldaţilor români care îşi riscă viaţa şi fericirea familiei pentru binele ţării. Totodată, gândurile mele se îndreaptă către toţi cei care se simt singuri, neiubiţi sau cei care sunt bolnavi. Felicit pe românii care ştiu că au făcut ceva bun pentru ca ţara lor să meargă mai departe. Şi doresc tuturor românilor, tineri şi bătrâni, din ţară şi din afara hotarelor ei, Crăciun fericit, cu pace în suflet, şi la mulţi ani pentru 2012, împreună cu cei dragi!</p>
<p>Aşa să ne ajute Dumnezeu!</p>
<p>Mihai R</p>
<p>Săvârşin, 24 decembrie 2011</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Romanian Literature in Exile (I): Rodica Iulian (France), b. Romania 1931</title>
		<link>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/10/romanian-literature-in-exile-i-rodica-iulian-france-b-romania-1931/</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/10/romanian-literature-in-exile-i-rodica-iulian-france-b-romania-1931/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Oct 2011 17:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>editor</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Diaspora]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PEOPLE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poetry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quotations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Blouse Roumaine - An Anthology of Romanian Women"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Blouse Roumaine An ANthology of Romannian Women"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Blouse Roumaine"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Constantin Roman"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Rodica Iulian"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[exile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Romania]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[writer]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/?p=3526</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Rodica Iulian’s novels, written in French, reflect the dilemma of the exile torn between her perceived ‘duty’ towards  her native culture  and the desire to establish  new roots in its adoptive country. In the process of establishing herself as a writer in the West, she would reposition Romanian literature as part of the canon of European literature. In this context, Rodica Iulian’s novels reveal the misunderstandings between the Romanian perceptions and expectations of the newly experienced contacts with the French culture. (One of the above quotations is such an example, when, as late as 2001, one detects a whiff of the nightmares experienced some two decades earlier, by Iulian witnessing Ceausescu’s bulldozers, flattening  the historical centre of Bucharest.) 

Blouse Roumaine - An Anthology of Romanian Women]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
<strong>Rodica Iulian </strong><br />
<strong>(Pseudonym of Rodica-Iuliana Coporan, née Bàcànescu)<br />
(b. 21 Dec. 1931, Craiova)<br />
Oncologist, poet, novelist, broadcaster (Radio Free Europe and Radio France),  exile living in France</strong></p>
<p><strong>Bulldozer:</strong><br />
<em>The woman told how it happened when the previous spring, taking advantage of his father’s absence, Thomas came to the village in his car, followed by a bulldozer and two trucks. In no time the entire house adjoining Jérome’s home was demolished. It was  there that the professor’s parents lived, it was  there that he was born and lived his youth. It is true that nobody lived in this house, but Jérome took care of it as if it was a historic monument. Every day he went there to open its windows and let in some fresh air. He dusted it and cleaned it and  and for nothing in the world would  have agreed to sell it or to dispose of the old peasant furniture inherited from his mother. The people in the village just looked on, without interfering; a thing like that could not happen without Jérome’s agreement, so why become involved? Yet that evening, as Jérome returned home, as he got out of his car, he was stunned. He saw a mound of rubble. He could not believe his eyes. He collapsed on the seat of his car, the head resting on the steering wheel, crying.</em><br />
(Iulian, Rodica, <strong>Fin de chasse</strong><em>, page 53)</p>
<p><strong>Fear of the Unknown:</strong><br />
<em>We others were hesitating between the desire for change and that of stability – the latter being a mere euphemism for the fear of the unknown In the end we were actually retrenching even deeper in a hopeless waiting game, and into a real fear:  silent war based on the antithesis of them-and-us, or “I-and-them”. Waiting. Watching the movements of others their speech. We were acting along a well-established stereotype, imprinted by an already long submission, by which we became accomplices of this brainwashing and of the hostage taking of our bodies. Our perspiration  stank of their boots. Our skin stank of the breath exhaled during their interminable speeches and of the defecation of their slogans. The sweet effluence of love was turning to an acrid pestilence of formaldehyde, when all of a sudden somebody was ringing the doorbell at three o’clock, in the dead of night. To open, or not to open the door was irrelevant, as the engines of their black Marias, ready to take us away, were humming the whole night.</em><br />
(Iulian, Rodica, <em>Le Repentir</em>, page 133)</p>
<p><strong>Franco’s meat:</strong><br />
<em>As for the effect of censorship and the access to printed matter, as the French saying goes: ”c&#8217;était la croix et la bannière&#8221;! Everything had to be negotiated – sometimes even a single word. For example in one of ‘Every day’s letters’ (Scrisorile de toatà ziua) – a book whose original title would have been ‘Letters to a close stranger’, the censor insisted that I should delete a passage where I was speaking in no uncertain terms about Franco’s dictatorship. The reason for it? Well, Ceausescu’s Romania had just signed with Spain’s dictatorship a lucrative contract for importing meat. As for the title of the book the word ‘stranger’, or ‘foreigner’ was suspect from the outset and more so if it were a ‘close stranger.</em><br />
(Iulian, Rodica, personal communication, April, 2003)</p>
<p><strong>God:</strong><br />
<em>Marina admired the ravishing scene of the oak forest, traversed, in the late afternoon, by shafts of sunrays, like the immense flutes of of a grand organ instrument. A true autumn, whose unfolding beauty seemed to remain oblivious of the village misfortunes.<br />
The villagers speech always alludes to God. God is above all a confused notion to which they assign all that they had not accomplished, as well as all that they will never accomplish, ever. God – the Almighty Peasant, the Almighty Purveyor of seed and harvest. God, that nobody could do without, which slips on, like a threadbare coat.</em><br />
(Iulian, Rodica,  <em>Pavlov’s people</em>, page 28)</p>
<p><strong><br />
Pavlov’s people:</strong><br />
<em>Sometime she believes she can see around her robots that walk, and respond as if moved by some strange and monstrous force from within. There is no more flesh such as it is in the noble sense of accomplishment through food and love. It is void of the spirit which is nurtured by love.</em><br />
(Iulian, Rodica, ibid., page 171)</p>
<p><strong>Vivaldi: </strong><br />
<em>Really, you must take care of yourself, said the editor smiling. A sweet young man, with shining teeth and fulsome lips, which were hardly masculine, rather ambiguously androgynous, like in a commercial poster. A great music fan he was: ‘Do you like Vivaldi?’ which was a sufficiently refined music fan not to have used Johannes Brahms by means of a seduction. It’s only today I found the record: ‘The Four Seasons’; you must hurry up, maybe you are lucky.<br />
But Vivaldi was not just a beginning, it was rather the end, a consoling, incantatory, soothing end, a kind of anaesthetics. My editor seemed rather to propose a relaxation, in fact he needed one himself; let us relax, comrade, it is our right after this filthy job, comradely filthy job which we managed to finish: these were five whole chapters which he has suppressed, five whole epistles. This is what he did and I yielded. I yielded for two reasons: first because I was ready for it, from the very minute I wrote them. Somehow,I knew that ‘they will not go through’, , nevertheless I decided to ‘throw them to the lions.’ Otherwise, how will one begin a beginning? Secondly, my haggling was premeditated: in this manner, by making this sacrifice I could salvage ‘the rest’. Above all, ‘the rest’, must go through. Here it is, the haggling of a lifetime. I am laying down the arms, comrade, but for goodness sake let me in. Even disarmed I could pose a threat; well, near enough. Almost like it, but not quite. My haggling was a poor little haggling, a lamentable barter, on quite unequal terms and from that moment on a new beginning made itself be known, like a burning at the very root of the words and, not to reveal it, I had to grin. A satisfying grin – the book will be published after all. By paying the price of this burning, not to mention the price of this prostituting grin, which decorated my face. Vivaldi is quite appropriate, the classic balsam is appropriate too after any romantic outburst one needs to enter the classic order – this is at least what I have learned: let go of Brahms to return to Vivaldi and calm down.<br />
(…). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
“Six months on I was summoned again. This time Vivaldi was in the company of a censor from the Censorship Committee, also a young lad, with a rodent-like snout and rodent’s teeth. Dressed all in grey. What? Did I ever say “grey”? He was grey all over, even his voice was grey.<br />
 &#8211; Comrade, we read your book; very interesting. Verily so. We agree to publish it, subject to revising certain passages. However our main objection stumbles on the title: what did you mean, comrade, when you called it “Letters to a very close stranger”?<br />
- Well this is actually the title of the book.<br />
 &#8211; Who is this stranger?<br />
- Hmm, it’s you, it’s him, it’s Viva.. it’s anybody and each one of us, it could be all of us.<br />
– Well, I guess so, I understand you, but you must realise that this will generate misunderstandings…<br />
- In whose mind and in what way?<br />
– Well, actually this term, stranger, usually designates those who are… beyond, that is across the border…<br />
I feel like shouting. I would have liked to have shouted:<br />
- Literature has no borders, on the contrary I would have liked to shout to him. Did I actually shout at all?<br />
As for myself I would not like to start putting words into my mouth. Now, gentlemen, does it mean that one no longer is allowed to use certain words in the dictionary, without becoming suspect? Gentlemen, comrades, let’s not exaggerate!<br />
- Nobody is suspecting you of anything, smiled the Rodent. We really admire you. But why shoot ourselves in the leg? We and us, together, would like to see this book appear in print, wouldn’t you?<br />
-  Not at any price, I snapped defiantly.<br />
-  Let’s be reasonable, think of it. Just change the title. I give my word of honour that we shall not change anything else. To date, you have cooperated perfectly with my colleague, here present. Of course, that will imply that you will have to take out all mention of this … stranger, any hint of it. You may replace it with the name of a close friend. Anyway, you have the freedom to choose whatever, and snap, you get your OK and the manuscript goes to the printers.<br />
- No.<br />
– Of course yes. Just think of the potential implications at this political junction. It would be a pity.<br />
- What political junction was he talking about? Hungary was forgotten and Czechoslovakia was about to be; Poland was not yet, as for Afghanistan, that was not conquered yet. And on the home front? The great earthquake and human quake have not yet materialised. The miners of the Jiu Valley were mining like mad the coal seams from the people’s coalmines and had not yet been visited  by such reactionary, hostile, anti party-political, counter-revolutionary ideas as to going on strike.<br />
– After all, who is he really, this close stranger? The Rodent smiled intimately.<br />
– Just so, who amongst us might he be? Smiled Vivaldi.<br />
I changed the title:  The ‘stranger’ disappeared completely from the title page and from the body of all phrases.<br />
They summoned me up again, this time accusing me of immorality, because on this occasion the main character, who was a female, was addressing her letters to too many men, therefore she was a woman who had many lovers!<br />
– Comrade, there are too many men in her life. They also asked me to drop several lines describing a kiss on the lips between the protagonists. I replaced the kiss with a vigorous handshake.<br />
Then I was accused of defeatism and of peddling a sombre philosophy, wholly anti-humanistic and anti-humane – never you mind about the confusion they were making between the two terms. Because in one of the letters the woman character was contemplating suicide, after a failed love affair. And furthermore we find nothing in your book about our current life, about our building the Socialist Society. The people were working their butts out building a glorious future, whilst I was chasing after my lost shadows.<br />
(…)<br />
In answer to their question what kind of book was it, I could not respond. – Would it be a recitative novel, or maybe a collection of essays? Neither really. At most I could describe it as a literary attempt at deconstructing the time and space.<br />
– After all, who is this stranger, comrade? To whom are all these letters intended to? Either he is close and in this case he cannot be a stranger, but a citizen of our fatherland, one of us, a comrade, or, quite the contrary, he is a real stranger, in which case he cannot be close. Therefore, he is a citizen of another country and in that case, what need is that to talk about him, to talk to him?<br />
– I must confess, I never thought along these lines. I did not want to.<br />
Again, burning and grin.<br />
The book was published under the title: ‘Every day’s letters’.<br />
It is only now that I realise the great service the censors rendered. I was using the word ‘stranger’ when I was THERE, within the geographical space, where that word had a specific significance, a one and only meaning. And I did nothing else but to borrow from the censorship this unique meaning, this obsession.<br />
What is a stranger?<br />
The Stranger is the one who does not know.<br />
A Stranger is the one who does not want to know.<br />
The Stranger is the one who knows, but pretends that he does not know.<br />
The Stranger is the one who knows and who stops the others to find out.<br />
In other words, I too could be like him. There was a time when I did not know either. There was a time when I did not want to know. Another when I did know, but I pretended that I have not had a clue, whilst I carried on stopping the others finding out. A time when I lived at the surface of things, indifferent, with a superb if odious craving for a life, other than that of looking over my shoulder. The Stranger is myself, wouldn’t you agree, comrade Vivaldi, comrade Rodent? It is myself addressing the other self within me, this Stranger who would like to know.</em><br />
(Iulian, Rodica, <em>Midnight Letters</em>, page 10)     </p>
<p><strong>BIOGRAPHY:</strong><br />
<div id="attachment_3543" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 158px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Rodica-Iulian1.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Rodica-Iulian1.jpg" alt="" title="Rodica Iulian1" width="148" height="200" class="size-full wp-image-3543" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Rodica Iulian, Romanian Writer Exiled in France</p></div>  Rodica Iulian is the pseudonym of <strong>Dr. Rodica-Iuliana Coporan</strong>.<br />
In communist Romania, Rodica Coporan earned her living as a medical doctor, first as a village practitioner (GP) in the Carpathian Mountains, and then from 1960 to 1978 as a specialist at the Institute of Oncology in Bucharest. As her dream was to become a stage director, Rodica described the medical profession as being ‘against her most profound vocation’, yet one which she ‘exercised dutifully, even with a certain success’. In retrospect Rodica Iulian had no regrets about her medical career, when she was known as Dr. Coporan, because it provided her with an ‘insight into the human condition of suffering and despair under a communist régime’ (personal communication to the author) and, furthermore, it also secured a certain financial stability which allowed her to become a poet and novelist. In fact Pavlov’s People, her novel written in French after she left Romania, was inspired by her life in a Romanian village tucked away in the Carpathian Mountains, where she was  a GP for three years during the nightmarish era  of forced collectivisation in the late 1950s. But more was to be witnessed under the dictatorship of Nicolae Ceausescu.  In 1978 Dr. Coporan could not take it anymore and she resigned her position as a respected oncologist in a reputable hospital – an act of defiance, unknown in a country where the sole employer was the State. By then, her secondary activity was her saving grace.  It was the same year that Rodica Iulian’s novel, Cronica nisipurilor, (Chronicle of Sands)  received the prize of the Romanian Writer’s Union, in spite of the strong pressure from the Romanian Communist Party against her nomination. </p>
<p>Two years on after this break, another more severe fracture would  mark her existence – her decision, in 1980, to leave Romania for good and ask for political asylum in France. Iulian emigrated at the age of 49, on a temporary tourist visa and carrying  only a few possessions with her – a bold decision to make prompted by a profound despair. This sensation of trauma and displacement reappeared in many of the characters in her novels. Surprisingly, one year after she sought  asylum in France a last volume of her poetry, Vitralii, (Stained glass), somehow made  its way to print: it took a Transylvanian editor to display such an act of courage, as it was the prescribed punishment for all writers who defected to the West to have their works blacklisted for publication and all the books already published to be withdrawn from all bookshops and public libraries.</p>
<p>Rodica Iulian’s novels, written in French, reflect the dilemma of the exile torn between her perceived ‘duty’ towards  her native culture  and the desire to establish  new roots in its adoptive country. In the process of establishing herself as a writer in the West, she would reposition Romanian literature as part of the canon of European literature. In this context, Rodica Iulian’s novels reveal the misunderstandings between the Romanian perceptions and expectations of the newly experienced contacts with the French culture. (One of the above quotations is such an example, when, as late as 2001, one detects a whiff of the nightmares experienced some two decades earlier, by Iulian witnessing Ceausescu’s bulldozers, flattening  the historical centre of Bucharest.) </p>
<p>Rodica Iulian became a French citizen in 1985. From 1981 to 1993 she was a frequent contributor to the cultural programmes of Monica Lovinescu (q.v.) broadcast in Romanian by Radio Free Europe and since 1985 she has been a regular contributor to two other cultural programmes of Radio France International, covering the current art exhibitions in Paris, and also Itinéraires français about offbeat France. This same unknown France makes the backdrop to Fin de chasse (End of the hunt), Iulian’s third novel written in French, which takes place in a mountain village.</p>
<p>The rekindling of links with post-Ceausescu Romania was intermittent and somewhat bizarre: she found  the same fellow writers, members of the Romanian Writers Union, who indicted Iulian for ‘betrayal of her country’ (tràdare de tarà) and withdrew her Union membership after her “defection” to the West in 1980. Some ten years on, these same characters embraced her with open arms. Her return visit was marked by the mending of some broken fences, as publishers in Bucharest agreed to print her novels again.  </p>
<p>Iulian is acknowledged in Zaciu’s four-volume <em>Dictionary of Romanian Writers</em>, but twenty key years of her cultural activity in Western Europe are completely ignored.<br />
Romania&#8217;s amnesia about its errand sons and daughters is alive and well, two decades after Ceausescu&#8217;s exit.</p>
<div id="attachment_3542" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Rodica-Iulian-Fin-de-Chasse.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Rodica-Iulian-Fin-de-Chasse.jpg" alt="" title="Rodica Iulian &quot;Fin de Chasse&quot;" width="300" height="300" class="size-full wp-image-3542" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Rodica Iulian. &quot;Fin de Chasse&quot;</p></div>
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		<title>Romanian Musings on Bela Bartok’s Memorial in London  SW7</title>
		<link>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/10/romanian-musings-on-bella-bartok%e2%80%99s-memorial-in-london-sw7/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Oct 2011 07:42:29 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[ Bela Bartok was born in the Romanian Banat region, at Sannicolau Mare, the son of a Hungarian father and a Serbian Mother. As one would expect of a sensitive child born in this ethnic mosaic of the Habsburg Empire, young Bartok like his central European contemporary composers, drew his inspiration from the rich ethnic music of Central Europe: the composer’s “Romanian Dances” have long been included in the International musical repertoire and in the memory of the cognoscenti, compositions which reflect indirectly the international currency of Romanian compositions, the same pool from which Georges Enesco or Valentin Lipatti have drawn their inspiration.
The life of Hungarian sculptor Imre Varga (b. 1923) reflects, as one would expect, the historical and political meanders of his country, during the 20th century. By comparison, this presents many commonalities with his Romanian counterparts, who showed an equal enthusiasm at adapting to changing political circumstances, first during the right-wing  nationalist dictatorship, followed by an anti-Stalinist war in the East, on the side of Germany, only to heap praise on a “liberating” Soviet Army and finally to end up as a member of the European Union: not exactly an easy sailing, during stormy times, when many contemporary artists either wrecked their careers, or chose instead to take the heavy road of exile, as was the case of our subject, whose memorial has just been erected in South Kensington.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Some Romanian Musings on Bela Bartok’s Memorial in London<br />
</strong><br />
<div id="attachment_3420" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 235px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bella-bartok-sculpture1.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bella-bartok-sculpture1-225x300.jpg" alt="" title="bela bartok sculpture" width="225" height="300" class="size-medium wp-image-3420" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Bella Bartok Memorial in London SW7</p></div>  The unveiling, in London’s South Kensington of a memorial to the Hungarian composer Bela Bartok (1881 Romania – 1945, United States) is not only an acknowledgment  of a composer of International repute, but at the same time an intelligent statement of national values on the world stage. This event ought to offer a moment of reflection and soul-searching to our Romanian friends, and set an example of how  national heritage is best promoted abroad something which the Romanian Cultural Institute in Bucharest is yet to match.<br />
You may well ask, what linkage, if any, may exist between Hungary and Romania in Britain? what exactly are these parallels and what food for thought?</p>
<p><strong>Bela Bartok and Georges Enesco</strong><br />
  <div id="attachment_3459" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/foto-placa-loc-nastere-bb.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/foto-placa-loc-nastere-bb-300x216.jpg" alt="" title="foto-placa-loc-nastere-bb" width="300" height="216" class="size-medium wp-image-3459" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Birth Place of Bela Bartok, Co Timis, Banat, Romania</p></div>At this point one ought perhaps to refresh the general reader’s memory that Bela Bartok was born in the Romanian Banat region, at Sannicolau Mare, the son of a Hungarian father and a Serbian Mother. As one would expect of a sensitive child, born in this ethnic mosaic of the Habsburg Empire, young Bartok, like his central European contemporary composers, drew his inspiration from the rich ethnic music of Central Europe: the composer’s “Romanian Dances” have long been included in the International repertoire and with it in the memory of the cognoscenti. They  demonstrate the international currency of Romanian folk tunes, the same pool from which Geoarges Enesco or Valentin Lipatti have drawn their inspiration.</p>
<div id="attachment_3463" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 270px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/12.Bela-Bartok2.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/12.Bela-Bartok2.jpg" alt="" title="12.Bela-Bartok" width="260" height="320" class="size-full wp-image-3463" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Bela Bartok memorial in his native village, in Romania</p></div>  It is perhaps significant that Bartok, Enesco and Lipatti took all the road of exile because of the political changes caused by the Second World War: Bartok left Hungary due to the fascism of Horthy and chose to live his last years in the United States. Here, in spite of all support he was given, he lived with difficulty his uprooting, producing only two compositions: the &#8220;Concerto for Orchestra&#8221; and a Violin Sonata, dedicated to Yehudi Menuhin, the violinist who was the pupil of Georges Enesco.<br />
Like Bartok, Enesco also left his native land,  to become an exile in Paris, after the war, during  a dark period in the history of the Romanian diaspora. These turned out to be times clouded by recrimination, suspicion, kicks under the belt and wrangles, all with a negative effect on artistic output. Here, in post-war Paris, one felt the rebound of the strong arm of the French Communist Party of Stalinist persuation, doubled by the undercover activities of the Securitate, the Romanian Secret Services, in the hands of which suffered so much Monica Lovinescu, Eugene Ionesco, Virgil Gheorghiu, Horia Vintila, to mention just a few. They were all subjected to a persistent and vicious witch-hunt  in the hands of the French communists and their fellow travelers (viz. Monica Lovinescu, Vintila Horia, et al.).<br />
In the above context it might be revealing to analyse further the effect which such uprooting had on the lives of both Bartok and Enesco.<br />
<div id="attachment_3465" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/KunsthistorischesMuseumSanNicolauMareTreasure8.jpg_thumb.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/KunsthistorischesMuseumSanNicolauMareTreasure8.jpg_thumb-300x225.jpg" alt="" title="KunsthistorischesMuseumSanNicolauMareTreasure8.jpg_thumb" width="300" height="225" class="size-medium wp-image-3465" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Dacian treasure trove from Bartok&#039;s native village, now in Vienna Art Museum</p></div><br />
<strong>Who is Imre Varga, the artist of Bartok’s Memorial?</strong><br />
 <div id="attachment_3425" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/BELA-KUN-Memorial-by-Varga.gif"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/BELA-KUN-Memorial-by-Varga-300x195.gif" alt="" title="BELA KUN Memorial by Varga" width="300" height="195" class="size-medium wp-image-3425" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Bela Kun memorial by Varga - now removed to the dustbin of history</p></div>  The life of Hungarian sculptor Imre Varga (b. 1923) reflects, as one would expect, the historical and political meanders of his country, during the 20th century. By comparison, this presents many commonalities with his Romanian counterparts, who showed an equal enthusiasm at adapting to changing political circumstances, first during the right-wing  nationalist dictatorship, followed by an anti-Stalinist war in the East, on the side of Germany, only to heap praise, subsequently, on a “liberating” Soviet Army and finally to end up  a member of the European Union: not exactly an easy sailing, on choppy waters, when many contemporary artists either wrecked their careers, or chose instead to take the heavy road of exile. Such was the case of Bartok, whose memorial has just been erected in South Kensington.<br />
However, beyond the above historic details, considering in greater depth such events,  what is tangible today, is the very cultural statement in London, represented by Bartok’s memorial statue. This is proof of some perseverance in the face of a diminishing Memory and one must salute the acknowledgment of an errant son of the Banat province and a friend of Romania, who towers above the narrow confines of past chauvinist and irredentist propaganda.  For the Banat of Timisoara, that historical province integrated to the Kingdom of Romania after WWI, offered the World, artists, poets, composers and writers, amongst whom, more recently one should not forget Herta Muller, the 2009 Nobel Prize Laureate for Literature and like bartok, a native of the Romanian Banat.</p>
<p>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2009/10/herta-muller-the-journey-to-the-2009-nobel-prize-for-literature/</p>
<p><div id="attachment_3468" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bartok-bela-GRAVE.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bartok-bela-GRAVE.jpg" alt="" title="bartok bela GRAVE" width="300" height="446" class="size-full wp-image-3468" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Bartok&#039;s grave in Budapest (courtesy: findagrave.com)</p></div>
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		<title>Ganduri Romanesti despre Bella Bartok  la Londra</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Oct 2011 13:42:36 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Dezvelirea statuii compozitorului Maghiar Bella Bartok in cartierul South Kensigton din Sudvestul Londrei reprezinta o recunoastere in plus, nu numai a celebrului compozitor de talie universala, dar si un exemplu de promovare inteligenta a valorilor nationale in lume. Acest act ofera un moment de reflectie si poate comparativ cu modul Romanesc de promovare a valorilor nationale, pe plan international, de cumetriile Institutului Cultural Roman, Bucuresti.

Ei, o sa ma intrebati, poate, "ce are sula cu prefectura"? ce legatura aleatorica ar exista intre aceste idei, intre astfel de paralele si implicit de indemnuri?


<strong>Bella Bartok si George Enescu</strong>
Fara a ma pierde in explicatii alambicate, doar in cateva randuri, ar trebui sa amintim ca Bella Bartok s-a nascut in Banatul Romanesc, la  Sannicolau Mare, ditr-un tata maghiar si o mama de etnie Sarba. Cum este si firesc, pentru un tanar cu evidente sensibilitati fata de mediul in care s-a nascut, Bartok s-a inspirat, asa cum au facut-o contemporanii si predecesorii sai din sec XIX, din fondul muzicii etnice din Sudestul Europei: "Dansurile Romanesti" ale compozitorului  au intrat de mult in repertoriul mondial si implicit in memoria si sensibilitatea publicului civilizat si avizat, sensibilitate care reflecta indirect valorile muzicii Romanesti - aceeasi sursa din care s-au inspirat si contemporanii sai, George Enescu sau Dinu Lipatti.

Este poate semnificativ ca atat Bartok cat si Enescu s-au exilat din cauza schimbarilor politice survenite ca urmare al celui de al doilea razboi mondial: Bartok s-a destzarat datorita fascizarii Ungariei lui Horthy, ca sa se stabileasca in Statele Unite, unde, in ciuda asistentei financiare si artistice primite, si-a trait cu dificultate exilul, unde a murit dupa cinci ani. In aceasta perioada de destzarare a compus doar doua lucrari: Concertul pentru Orchestra si o sonata de vioara pentru Yehudi Menuhin - violonistul care a fost scolit de Enescu... 
George Enescu, impreuna cu sotia lui si-au parasit tara dupa razboi, ca sa-si traiasca ultimii ani de viata la Paris, intr-o perioada intunecata a diasporei romanesti. Aceasta din urma a fost bantuita de recriminari, suspiciuni, lovituri sub centura si contraziceri - cu efecte inevitabile negative. Aici, in Parisul postbelic,  bratul omniprezent  al simpatizantilor francezi ai Stalinismului,  cat si coada sobolanului securist  au fost proactive, asa cum au suferit, din experienta proprie, Monica Lovinescu, Eugene Ionesco, Virgil Gheorghiu, Horia Vintila, s.a.,  indurand persecutia impinsa pana chiar la procesul vrajitaorelor.
Poate  ar fi interesant de a reflecta mai adanc asupra efectului  exilului asupra acestor compozitori contemporani, Bartok si Enescu.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_3418" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bartok-blue-plaque-SW7.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bartok-blue-plaque-SW7-300x225.jpg" alt="" title="bartok blue plaque SW7" width="300" height="225" class="size-medium wp-image-3418" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Bella Bartok Blue Plaque in London SW7</p></div>
<p><strong>Memoria Diasporei despre Bartok si Enescu la Londra<br />
</strong><br />
Dezvelirea statuii compozitorului Maghiar Bella Bartok in cartierul South Kensigton din Sudvestul Londrei reprezinta o recunoastere in plus, nu numai a celebrului compozitor de talie universala, dar si un exemplu de promovare inteligenta a valorilor nationale in lume. Acest act ofera un moment de reflectie si poate comparativ cu modul Romanesc de promovare a valorilor nationale, pe plan international, de cumetriile Institutului Cultural Roman, Bucuresti.</p>
<p>Ei, o sa ma intrebati, poate, &#8220;ce are sula cu prefectura&#8221;? ce legatura aleatorica ar exista intre aceste idei, intre astfel de paralele si implicit de indemnuri?</p>
<p><strong>Bella Bartok si George Enescu</strong><br />
Fara a ma pierde in explicatii alambicate, doar in cateva randuri, ar trebui sa amintim ca Bella Bartok s-a nascut in Banatul Romanesc, la  Sannicolau Mare, ditr-un tata Maghiar si o mama de etnie Sarba. Cum este si firesc, pentru un tanar cu evidente sensibilitati fata de mediul in care s-a nascut, Bartok s-a inspirat, asa cum au facut-o contemporanii si predecesorii sai din sec XIX, din fondul muzicii etnice din Sudestul Europei: &#8220;Dansurile Romanesti&#8221; ale compozitorului  au intrat demult in repertoriul mondial si implicit in memoria si sensibilitatea publicului civilizat si avizat, sensibilitate care reflecta indirect valorile muzicii Romanesti &#8211; aceeasi sursa din care s-au inspirat si contemporanii sai, George Enescu sau Dinu Lipatti.</p>
<p>Este poate semnificativ ca atat Bartok cat si Enescu s-au exilat din cauza schimbarilor politice survenite ca urmare al celui de al doilea razboi mondial: Bartok s-a destzarat datorita fascizarii Ungariei lui Horthy, ca sa se stabileasca in Statele Unite, unde, in ciuda asistentei financiare si artistice primite, si-a trait cu dificultate exilul, murind dupa cinci ani. In aceasta perioada de destzarare a compus doar doua lucrari: Concertul pentru Orchestra si o Sonata pentru vioara dedicata lui Yehudi Menuhin &#8211; violonistul care a fost scolit de Enescu&#8230;<br />
George Enescu, impreuna cu sotia lui si-au parasit tara dupa razboi, ca sa-si traiasca ultimii ani de viata la Paris, intr-o perioada intunecata a diasporei romanesti. Aceasta din urma a fost bantuita de recriminari, suspiciuni, lovituri sub centura si contraziceri &#8211; cu efecte inevitabile negative. Aici, in Parisul postbelic,  bratul omniprezent  al simpatizantilor francezi ai Stalinismului,  cat si coada sobolanului securist  au fost proactive, asa cum au suferit, din experienta proprie, Monica Lovinescu, Eugene Ionesco, Virgil Gheorghiu, Horia Vintila, s.a.,  indurand persecutia impinsa pana chiar la procesul vrajitaorelor (viz. Monica Lovinescu, Vintila Horia, s.a).<br />
Poate  ar fi interesant de a reflecta mai adanc asupra efectului  exilului asupra acestor compozitori contemporani, Bartok si Enescu.</p>
<div id="attachment_3419" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 235px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bella-bartok-sculpture.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bella-bartok-sculpture-225x300.jpg" alt="" title="bella bartok sculpture" width="225" height="300" class="size-medium wp-image-3419" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Belle Bartok memorial, London SW7 by Imre Varga</p></div>
<p><strong>Statuia din Londra a compozitorului Bella Bartok si sculptorul Maghiar Imre Varga<br />
</strong></p>
<p>Cariera sculptorului <strong>Imre Varga</strong> (n. 1923) reflecta meandrele istorice si labirintul transformarilor politice a scenei Maghiare dinainte, din timpul si dupa cel de al doilea razboi mondial. Asa cum este de asteptat, viata si activitatea sculptorului Maghiar nu poate fi mult deosebita fata de cea a confratilor lui Romani din aceeasi perioada, care, cu acelasi entuziasm si-au intors cojocul pe dos, nu odata, dar de mai multe ori, reinventandu-se din nationalisti in luptatori antistalinisti pe frontul de Est, de partea Germaniei Fasciste si iarasi in artisti cantand osanale cotropitorilor Sovietici, ca mai apoi sa reprezinte o realitate mai putin sanguina, a unei tari membre a Uniunii Europene: adaptivitate  in ape tulburi greu de navigat, in care multi conationali ori au esuat, ori au preferat, (intocmai exemplului subiectului din South Kensigton, care il admiram astazi), sa isi ia drumul greu al exilului.</p>
<p>Dar analizand cursul Istoriei, care nu ia in consideratie astfel de mizilicuri, ce ramane important pentru noi este obiectul insusi si ideea de a ridica la Londra o statuie a lui Bartok, initiativa si perseverenta pentru care trebuie sa ne dam jos palaria si sa salutam un fiu al Banatului si un prieten al Romaniei, dincolo de limitele inguste ale nationalismului sovin.<br />
Banatul, aceasta provincie istorica, o parte din care a fost integrata Romaniei dupa Primul Razboi Mondial, a oferit, de-a lungul veacurilor, artisti, poeti si scriitori, printre care, mai recent, se numara si Herta Muller, a carei opera literara reflecta realitatea Romaneasca postbelica, pentru care a primit premiul Nobel (q.v. articolul anterior din Centre for Romanian studies): &#8220;Herta Muller &#8211; drumul spre Premiul Nebel pentru Literatura 2009&#8243;:</p>
<p>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2009/10/herta-muller-%E2%80%93-the-journey-to-the-2009-nobel-prize-for-literature/</p>
<div id="attachment_3425" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/BELA-KUN-Memorial-by-Varga.gif"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/BELA-KUN-Memorial-by-Varga-300x195.gif" alt="" title="BELA KUN Memorial by Varga" width="300" height="195" class="size-medium wp-image-3425" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Bela Kun memorial by Varga - now removed to the dustbin of history</p></div>
<div id="attachment_3426" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bela-kun-memorial-.gif"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bela-kun-memorial--300x225.gif" alt="" title="bela kun memorial" width="300" height="225" class="size-medium wp-image-3426" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Detail of Varga&#039;s memorial to Bela Kun, now removed to a scrapyard of communist sculptures</p></div>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
NOTA de Subsol:<br />
Pentru cei care nu cunosc istoria Europei din preajma primului razboi mondial ar trebui de consemnat, succint, ca acest Bela Kun, nascut KUHN, in comuna Lelei din Ardeal, in anul 1886, a fost educat la Liceul Reformat din Cluj. Recrutat in armata Imperiului Habsburgic, Kun a fost trimis pe frontul de Est, unde a fost luat prizonier de catre Rusi.  Aflat in captivitate Bela Kun a fost recrutat in Partidul Bolsevic, in cadrul caruia a creeat ramura comunistilor Maghiari.<br />
Reintors in Ungaria, in perioada tulbure a dezintegrarii Imperiului Habsburgic, Bela Kun a gasit terenul fertil pentru conditiile unei revolutii bolsevice (sustinute cu fonduri obtinute dela Lenin care l-a intalnit in Rusia). Acestea i-au permis sa creeze efemera &#8220;Republica Sovietica Maghiara&#8221;, care a durat mai putin de sapte luni de zile, inainte de a fi desfiintata de interventia Armatei Regale Romane, la 1 August 1919 &#8211; iar restul este istorie. </p>
<p>Sculptorul compozitorului Bartok este acelasi care a lucrat in Ungaria, in stilul  &#8220;Artei cu Tendinta&#8221;, din perioada &#8220;hei-rupista&#8221; a regimului comunist Ungar.<br />
Pe acest teren ideologic fertil, Imre Varga a avut comenzi ale &#8220;organelor de Partid si de Stat&#8221; ca sa creeze, printre altele, si imensul grup statuar glorificandu-l pe Bela Kun (vezi ilustratiile de mai sus): deci om de nadejde &#8211; omul zilei! Acestea se pot inca &#8220;admira&#8221; in parcul de &#8220;curiozitati&#8221; dela Budapesta, unde au fost deplasate toate creatile de propaganda comunista ale Realismului Socialist.</p>
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		<title>Poetry in Translation (XCII &amp; XCIII): &#8211; Tomas Tranströmer, Nobel Prize 2011</title>
		<link>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/10/premiul-nobel-pentru-literatura-2011-tomas-transtromer-n-1931-suedia/</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/10/premiul-nobel-pentru-literatura-2011-tomas-transtromer-n-1931-suedia/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 08 Oct 2011 17:28:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>editor</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[[caption id="attachment_3397" align="aligncenter" width="262" caption="Tomas Tranströmer (n. 1931, Suedia, Premiul Nobel 2011 pentru Literaturà"]<a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Tomas-Tranströmer.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Tomas-Tranströmer.jpg" alt="" title="Tomas Tranströmer" width="262" height="400" class="size-full wp-image-3397" /></a>[/caption]
<strong>Premiul Nobel pentru Literatura, 2011 - Tomas Tranströmer (n. 1931, Suedia)
</strong>
<strong>Dupà Moarte
de Tomas Tranströmer (n. 1931, Suedia)</strong>


Cândva a fost o ràbufnire
lasând în urmà o dârà lungà, ca o coadà de cometà.
Ramânem închişi in casà. Pe televizor imaginile devin şterse.
Picàturi de apà încremenesc pe fire de telefon.

Sub raze de iarnà, încà mai poţi aluneca uşor cu sania, 
printre copacii care-au pàstrat doar doua frunze,
ca nişte pagini rupte din anuarul telefonic.,
nişte nume încremenite de frig.

Poate este de necrezut sà-ţi auzi bàtaia inimii
Dar pe undeva, umbra, poate ar fi mai aevea dacât trupul.
Samuraiul ràmâne doar o copie ştearsà
faţà de platoşa lui de balaur, cu solzi negri .


In Româneşte de Constantin ROMAN
(Londra, Octombrie, 2011)

Copyright  © 2011 <code>Constantin ROMAN

[gallery]
<strong>Pereche</strong>
T<strong>omas Tranströmer (n. 1931, Suedia)
(Premiul Nobel pentru Literatura, 2011)</strong>



Ei sting lumina, dar becul ràmâne încà, pentru o clipà, 
incandescent, înainte ca sà se dizolve, ca o pastilà,
într-un pahar de întuneric. Apoi o ràbufnire.
Pereţii hotelului zboarà in întunericul cerului.
Zvâcnirile lor au devenit mai tandre, si au adormit,
Dar gândurile lor làuntrice se împreuneazà
Ca doua dâre de acuarelà care se contopesc 
şi curg laolaltà pe pagina umedà, de caiet, al unui şcolar.
E întuneric si liniste. Dar cetatea s-a apropiat  mai mult 
în noaptea asta. Cu obloanele trase. Casele s-au adunat.
Imbulziţi, stau de veghe, lipiţi,
o droaie de oameni, cu feţe oarbe.

In Româneşte de Constantin ROMAN
 (Londra, Octombrie, 2011)
Copyright 2011 © Constantin ROMAN

[caption id="attachment_3407" align="aligncenter" width="320" caption="Tomas Tranströmer (B. 1931, Sweden) Nobel Prize for Poetry 2011"]<a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/309-tomas_transtromer_nobel_prize_winning.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/309-tomas_transtromer_nobel_prize_winning.jpg" alt="" title="309-tomas_transtromer_nobel_prize_winning" width="320" height="240" class="size-full wp-image-3407" /></a>[/caption]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_3397" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 272px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Tomas-Tranströmer.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Tomas-Tranströmer.jpg" alt="" title="Tomas Tranströmer" width="262" height="400" class="size-full wp-image-3397" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Tomas Tranströmer (n. 1931, Suedia, Premiul Nobel 2011 pentru Literaturà</p></div><br />
<strong>Premiul Nobel pentru Literatura, 2011 &#8211; Tomas Tranströmer (n. 1931, Suedia)<br />
</strong><br />
<strong>Dupà Moarte<br />
de Tomas Tranströmer (n. 1931, Suedia)</strong></p>
<p>Cândva a fost o ràbufnire<br />
lasând în urmà o dârà lungà, ca o coadà de cometà.<br />
Ramânem închişi in casà. Pe televizor imaginile devin şterse.<br />
Picàturi de apà încremenesc pe fire de telefon.</p>
<p>Sub raze de iarnà, încà mai poţi aluneca uşor cu sania,<br />
printre copacii care-au pàstrat doar doua frunze,<br />
ca nişte pagini rupte din anuarul telefonic.,<br />
nişte nume încremenite de frig.</p>
<p>Poate este de necrezut sà-ţi auzi bàtaia inimii<br />
Dar pe undeva, umbra, poate ar fi mai aevea dacât trupul.<br />
Samuraiul ràmâne doar o copie ştearsà<br />
faţà de platoşa lui de balaur, cu solzi negri .</p>
<p>In Româneşte de Constantin ROMAN<br />
(Londra, Octombrie, 2011)</p>
<p>Copyright  © 2011 <code>Constantin ROMAN</p>
<p>
<a href='http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/10/premiul-nobel-pentru-literatura-2011-tomas-transtromer-n-1931-suedia/tomas-transtromer/' title='Tomas Tranströmer'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Tomas-Tranströmer-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Tomas Tranströmer (n. 1931, Suedia, Premiul Nobel 2011 pentru Literatura" title="Tomas Tranströmer" /></a>
<a href='http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/10/premiul-nobel-pentru-literatura-2011-tomas-transtromer-n-1931-suedia/1966-new-directions-19/' title='1966 &quot;New Directions 19&quot; - Fifteen Poems by Tomas Tranströmer, translated by Eric Sellin'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/1966-New-Directions-19-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="1966 &quot;New Directions 19&quot; - Fifteen Poems by Tomas Tranströmer, translated by Eric Sellin" title="1966 &quot;New Directions 19&quot; - Fifteen Poems by Tomas Tranströmer, translated by Eric Sellin" /></a>
<a href='http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/10/premiul-nobel-pentru-literatura-2011-tomas-transtromer-n-1931-suedia/309-tomas_transtromer_nobel_prize_winning/' title='309-tomas_transtromer_nobel_prize_winning'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/309-tomas_transtromer_nobel_prize_winning-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Tomas Tranströmer (B. 1931, Sweden) Nobel Prize for Poetry 2011" title="309-tomas_transtromer_nobel_prize_winning" /></a>
<br />
<strong>Pereche</strong><br />
T<strong>omas Tranströmer (n. 1931, Suedia)<br />
(Premiul Nobel pentru Literatura, 2011)</strong></p>
<p>Ei sting lumina, dar becul ràmâne încà, pentru o clipà,<br />
incandescent, înainte ca sà se dizolve, ca o pastilà,<br />
într-un pahar de întuneric. Apoi o ràbufnire.<br />
Pereţii hotelului zboarà in întunericul cerului.<br />
Zvâcnirile lor au devenit mai tandre, si au adormit,<br />
Dar gândurile lor làuntrice se împreuneazà<br />
Ca doua dâre de acuarelà care se contopesc<br />
şi curg laolaltà pe pagina umedà, de caiet, al unui şcolar.<br />
E întuneric si liniste. Dar cetatea s-a apropiat  mai mult<br />
în noaptea asta. Cu obloanele trase. Casele s-au adunat.<br />
Imbulziţi, stau de veghe, lipiţi,<br />
o droaie de oameni, cu feţe oarbe.</p>
<p>In Româneşte de Constantin ROMAN<br />
 (Londra, Octombrie, 2011)<br />
Copyright 2011 © Constantin ROMAN</p>
<p><div id="attachment_3407" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 330px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/309-tomas_transtromer_nobel_prize_winning.jpg"><img src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/309-tomas_transtromer_nobel_prize_winning.jpg" alt="" title="309-tomas_transtromer_nobel_prize_winning" width="320" height="240" class="size-full wp-image-3407" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Tomas Tranströmer (B. 1931, Sweden) Nobel Prize for Poetry 2011</p></div>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba: Cioran prin lăutărismul lui Pleşu.  Despre inocularea ruşinii de a fi român</title>
		<link>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/02/isabela-vasiliu-scraba-cioran-prin-lautarismul-lui-plesu-despre-inocularea-rusinii-de-a-fi-roman/</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2011/02/isabela-vasiliu-scraba-cioran-prin-lautarismul-lui-plesu-despre-inocularea-rusinii-de-a-fi-roman/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 19 Feb 2011 11:32:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>editor</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Diary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Diaspora]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OPINION]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PEOPLE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quotations]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA["Andrei Plesu"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Editura Humanitas"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Emil Cioran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Nicolae Blaga"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Radu Portocala"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CNSAS]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/?p=2794</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Motto: 
“Toţi depresivii sînt tipuri eminamente subiective…Ei sînt singurii care coboară în adâncimile vieţii pînă acolo unde aceasta se îmbină cu moartea… Politicul aparţine domeniului exteriorităţii. Din acest motiv, valorile politice sînt la periferia valorilor spirituale”
(Emil Cioran, 1932)

După instalarea lui Iliescu la cârma ţării si a lui Andrei Pleşu la cârma culturii, scrierile lui Emil Cioran, care în comunism circulaseră xeroxate pe sub mână, au putut fi cumpărate din marile librării, îmbogăţind avuta editură Politică, sub numele ei de Humanitas (1). E drept că noul nume cam aminteşte de ziarul comunist l’Humanite care a încercat fără succes să-l deposedeze în 1960 pe Vintilă Horia de Premiul Goncourt, acuzându-l fără bază şi pic de jenă că “ar fi susţinut înfiinţarea lagărelor de exterminare în Germania nazistă” (v. Th. Cazaban în dialog cu C. Bădiliţă, Captiv în lumea liberă, Cluj-Napoca, Echinox, 2002, p. 125). Din atacul foştilor ideologi comunişti manifestând o inexplicabilă alergie la scrisul unui romancier de faimă internaţională s-a văzut câtă dreptate a avut Vintilă Horia când şi-a tot amânat întoarcerea în România regimului Iliescu-Roman. Într-una din scrisorile trimise din Spania în primele luni de “democraţie prin rotirea cadrelor” (M. Cantuniari, Bărbatul cu cele trei morţi ale sale, Ed. Humanitas, 2007) romancierul premiat de Academia franceză consemna următoarele: “Aţi aflat că Adevărul şi Tineretul liber au publicat ştirea după care aş fi acordat un interview nu ştiu cărei reviste în limba română din Israel şi New York, care a fost reprodusă de ziarul Independent din Londra, interview în care mă autoprezentam ca fruntaş al Gărzii de fier şi insultam pe Petre Roman. Am desminţit totul printr-un interview telefonic cu BBC şi i-am scris pe aceeaşi temă lui Mircea Dinescu. Este îngrozitor. N’am făcut parte din nici un partid, deci nici din Garda de Fier, care m-a scos din postul de ataşat de presă la Roma” (Vintilă Horia, 27 febr. 1990 în op. cit., p.334). Scrisorile lui Vintilă Horia către traducătorii săi Mihai si Ileana Cantuniari (prima pe 2 martie 1989, ultima din 19 nov. 1991) fac să transpară cadrul libertăţii post-comuniste, precum si aspecte de continuitate în politica editorială dinainte de 1989: dacă Editura Politică nu l-a publicat pe Vintilă Horia (2), nici Humanitas nu o va face. Pentru autorul volumului Les clefs du crepuscule(1990), -scriitor tradus în peste 20 de ţări fără dirijismul folosit pentru împrăştierea operelor şi omagiilor soţilor Ceauşescu înainte de 1990 şi după aceea pentru operele şi omagiile lui Andrei Pleşu (3) -, exilul nu s-a încheiat cu împuşcarea Ceauşeştilor (v. rev. Cristian Bădiliţă în rev. Rost, 16/2004).]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba: Cioran prin lăutărismul lui Pleşu.<br />
Despre inocularea ruşinii de a fi român<br />
17februarie 2011</p>
<div id="attachment_2797" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ecioran.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2797" title="ecioran" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ecioran-300x189.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="189" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Emil Cioran (1911 Romania - 1995 France)</p></div>
<p>Motto:<br />
“Toţi depresivii sînt tipuri eminamente subiective…Ei sînt singurii care coboară în adâncimile vieţii pînă acolo unde aceasta se îmbină cu moartea… Politicul aparţine domeniului exteriorităţii. Din acest motiv, valorile politice sînt la periferia valorilor spirituale”<br />
(Emil Cioran, 1932)</p>
<p>După instalarea lui Iliescu la cârma ţării si a lui Andrei Pleşu la cârma culturii, scrierile lui Emil Cioran, care în comunism circulaseră xeroxate pe sub mână, au putut fi cumpărate din marile librării, îmbogăţind avuta editură Politică, sub numele ei de Humanitas (1). E drept că noul nume cam aminteşte de ziarul comunist l’Humanite care a încercat fără succes să-l deposedeze în 1960 pe Vintilă Horia de Premiul Goncourt, acuzându-l fără bază şi pic de jenă că “ar fi susţinut înfiinţarea lagărelor de exterminare în Germania nazistă” (v. Th. Cazaban în dialog cu C. Bădiliţă, Captiv în lumea liberă, Cluj-Napoca, Echinox, 2002, p. 125). Din atacul foştilor ideologi comunişti manifestând o inexplicabilă alergie la scrisul unui romancier de faimă internaţională s-a văzut câtă dreptate a avut Vintilă Horia când şi-a tot amânat întoarcerea în România regimului Iliescu-Roman. Într-una din scrisorile trimise din Spania în primele luni de “democraţie prin rotirea cadrelor” (M. Cantuniari, Bărbatul cu cele trei morţi ale sale, Ed. Humanitas, 2007) romancierul premiat de Academia franceză consemna următoarele:</p>
<div id="attachment_1218" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 210px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Vintila-HORIA.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-1218" title="Vintila HORIA" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Vintila-HORIA.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="237" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Vintila HORIA (1915, Romania-1992, Spain)</p></div>
<p>“Aţi aflat că Adevărul şi Tineretul liber au publicat ştirea după care aş fi acordat un interview nu ştiu cărei reviste în limba română din Israel şi New York, care a fost reprodusă de ziarul Independent din Londra, interview în care mă autoprezentam ca fruntaş al Gărzii de fier şi insultam pe Petre Roman. Am desminţit totul printr-un interview telefonic cu BBC şi i-am scris pe aceeaşi temă lui Mircea Dinescu. Este îngrozitor. N’am făcut parte din nici un partid, deci nici din Garda de Fier, care m-a scos din postul de ataşat de presă la Roma” (Vintilă Horia, 27 febr. 1990 în op. cit., p.334). Scrisorile lui Vintilă Horia către traducătorii săi Mihai si Ileana Cantuniari (prima pe 2 martie 1989, ultima din 19 nov. 1991) fac să transpară cadrul libertăţii post-comuniste, precum si aspecte de continuitate în politica editorială dinainte de 1989: dacă Editura Politică nu l-a publicat pe Vintilă Horia (2), nici Humanitas nu o va face. Pentru autorul volumului Les clefs du crepuscule(1990), -scriitor tradus în peste 20 de ţări fără dirijismul folosit pentru împrăştierea operelor şi omagiilor soţilor Ceauşescu înainte de 1990 şi după aceea pentru operele şi omagiile lui Andrei Pleşu (3) -, exilul nu s-a încheiat cu împuşcarea Ceauşeştilor (v. rev. Cristian Bădiliţă în rev. Rost, 16/2004). În post-comunism Vintilă Horia, care l-a susţinut pe Constantin Noica în încercarea sa de a-l face cunoscut în Vest pe filozoful Lucian Blaga, a putut constata înmormântarea ultimului proiect noician nefinalizat nici de discipolul preferat devenit director de editură, nici de discipolul ajuns ministrul culturii la vremea când au fost distruse atât fresca de pe tavanul Castelului Haşdeu de la Câmpina (v.Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, “Religion, architecture and occultism in the Mystic Castle of the ‘Two Iulias’ (2 VII)”), cât şi frescele Olgăi Greceanu din Biserica de la  Bălteni (judeţul Dâmboviţa) pictată gratis în 1946 şi repictată de Olga Greceanu în 1972 (v.Adina Nanu, “Biserica din Bălteni”, în vol. Olga Greceanu, Bucureşti, Ed. Centrul de cultură Palatele Brâncoveneşti, 2004, p. 49-50).<br />
“Dirijată de interese pe care majoritatea cititorilor le ignoră” (Horia Stamatu, Punta Europea, enero 1956, nr.1, pp. 9-21), difuzarea post-decembristă a scrierilor lui Emil Cioran (premiat de Academia franceză ca şi Vintilă Horia, sau Mircea Eliade) a fost însoţită de masiva răspândire de citate alese pentru inocularea unor anumite atitudini si dispoziţii mintale. Efectul şi ţinta manipulării de două decenii au apărut în toată nuditatea lor pe 8 mai 2010, când un tânăr a consemnat pe post de comentariu la un interviu luat lui Andrei Pleşu de Daniela Oancea că lui îi este ruşine că s-a născut român, că el nu mai vrea să fie român.</p>
<div id="attachment_2806" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 186px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/andrei-plesu-6229.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2806" title="andrei-plesu-6229" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/andrei-plesu-6229-176x300.jpg" alt="" width="176" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Andrei Plesu (Portret de WIllkrin Petry): &quot;... îmi plac cîrnații de Pleșcoi, bufoneriile crude, brânzeturile răscoapte, cheful, hetaira, romanța. Sunt, hélas, lacom, echivoc, ușor de atras spre lejerități de tot soiul…&quot;</p></div>
<p>Despre Emil Cioran ministrul culturii post-comuniste a scris pornind de la “portretul robot” al românismului. Nu spre a-l singulariza, o dată în plus, pe cel premiat în 1934 la insistenţele şi argumentarea lui Mircea Vulcănescu (v. Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, “Ideas, a variable background in Cioran’s writings”, precum şi “Nae Ionescu şi Emil Cioran”, în vol. I. V.-S., În labirintul răsfrângerilor. Nae Ionescu prin discipolii săi: Petre Ţuţea, Emil Cioran, C. Noica, Mircea Eliade, Mircea Vulcănescu şi Vasile Băncilă, Ed. Star Tipp, 2000, p.181-194; p.37-56, ISBN 978-973-8134-05-6). Nici spre a evidenţia falsităţile şi exagerările tânărului de 26 de ani care, postulând primatul “instinctului teluric” (legii junglei), credea că “nemţii nu s-au simţit niciodată prea bine în creştinism” (Schimbarea la faţă a României, 1937, p.17). Poate doar în tentativa de a alcătui din citate trunchiate imaginea negativă, sau “gălbeaza Mioriţei”, de care Emil Cioran amintise când a primit Dimensiunea românească a existenţei. Pentru Pleşu, autorul Schimbării la faţă a României (1937) ar reprezenta anti-românismul, ca român lipsit de măsură, cuminţenie, omenie, “rezistent la orice spirit de conciliere şi toleranţă” (Limba păsărilor, Ed. Humanitas, 1994, p.166). Iată cât de lesne îi apare însuşi Cioran pe post de particular care ar ilustra fără alte justificări un general teribil de inconsistent. Cu atât mai inconsistent cu cât nici măcar fantezia cioraniană n-a scos vreodată “gălbeaza Mioriţei” din virtualitatea ei postulată în glumă, în acea scrisoare din 1944 către Mircea Vulcănescu (v. rev. Manuscriptum, număr special Mircea Vulcănescu, nr.1-2/1996).<br />
Neaşteptat este şi faptul că abundenţa de citate din Cioran lungeşte fără justificarea vreunei idei personale articolul început cu “portretul robot” al românismului. Se pare că recitarea televizată de poezie, interpretată răstit sau flegmatic de comunistul Andrei Pleşu a rămas pentru vecie modelul său de succes, folosit în toate împrejurările. De astă dată ministrul culturii post-comuniste porneşte de la ecourile în presa interbelică ale cărţii marcând debutul lui Emil Cioran. Materialul cu grijă ales este interpretat după tipicul aducător de succes, spre a evidenţia pe rând: înfumurarea, mimarea sobrietăţii, luciditatea sigură pe sine şi delirul, toate spre a contura portretul robot pe care Pleşu l-a avut în minte la scrierea paginilor despre Cioran.  O recenzie din anii treizeci a volumului Pe culmile disperării premiat de Fundaţiile Culturale Regale (4) ar ilustra pentru istoricul de artă “suficienţa românească” şi “sobrietatea statică”; alta “luciditatea niciodată contrariată” (A. Pleşu, Limba păsărilor, 1994, p.178). O recenzie din noiembrie 1934 ar scoate la iveală un “delir al echilibrului”, de care s-ar fi făcut vinovat tânărul Noica în încercarea unei replici la adresa celui care-l văzuse pe Cioran drept “cabotin al disperării”.<br />
Rupte din context şi mizând în exclusivitate pe latura negativă, ideile reţinute de Pleşu din citirea tânărului Cioran au marele neajuns că văduvesc de esenţa sa procedeul “complementarităţii”, atât de caracteristic scrisului cioranian (v. Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, “Emil Cioran despre Mircea Vulcănescu într-un text cenzurat în post-comunism”, precum şi I. V.-S., “Cioran şi procedeul complementarităţii”, în http://www.isabelavs.go.ro ). În compensaţie, un mimetism intelectual bine exersat pe ideile lui Noica (5) îl face să repete în cuvinte proprii mărturisirea lui Cioran despre entuziasmul său mereu refulat spre a face loc disperării: “…suntem îndemnaţi să spunem, la rândul nostru: Nu e nimic, dle Cioran, dumneavoastră vă iubiţi disperarea. Dar puteţi s-o iubiţi oricât. Noi credem în rezervele dumneavoastră, neexplorate, de entuziasm” (A. Pleşu, Limba păsărilor, 1994, p.179). Dilema aceasta este explorată mai apoi din perspectiva unei însemnări în care bătrânul Cioran îi mărturisise lui Noica la Paris că “îi place viaţa”, rugându-l “să nu spună la nimeni” marele secret (pagini din jurnalul lui Noica, în op. cit., p180).<br />
Preocupat de drama propriului “blocaj”, Pleşu remarcă în expunerea ideilor lui Cioran  “variaţia iscusită a aceluiaşi exces” şi “suveranitatea stilului”. În citat oferă chiar şi un aforism  sintetizând întreaga neplăcere a fapului de a trăi: “Ceea ce ştiu la şaizeci de ani ştiam şi la douăzeci. Patruzeci de ani ai unui lung şi superfluu efort de verificare” (Cioran). Totuşi, credem că afirmaţia convinge doar pe cei care trec cu vederea umorul pesimistului (apud. Horia Stamatu) care se amuză pe seama celor care-i iau în serios orice mărturisire. Cu atât mai mult cu cât e de imaginat că la şaizeci de ani Emil Cioran n-ar fi fost la fel de entuziasmat de regimurile dictatoriale cum s-a arătat în tinereţe, când, din vremurile “eroice” ale hitlerismului a reţinut cu predilecţie naţionalismul, “aspect accesoriu al rasismului anti-semit” (apud. I. Varlam, Necesitatea definirii totalitarismului, în rev. Asymetria, nov. 2006). La 22 de ani, Cioran fusese martor la entuziasmul germanilor din anii venirii la putere a lui Hitler. Acest aspect care nuanţează şi face inteligibile multe dintre teribilismele din scrierile interbelice ale lui Cioran este practic neglijat de Andrei Pleşu care împărtăşeşte cu stânga comunistă tendinţa de a pune pe seama naţionalismului toate ororile prin care regimul hitlerist nu s-a deosebit de regimul comunist: “prigoana politică, teroarea ideologică, generalizarea torturii si exterminarea în masă” (v. Ion Varlam, op.cit.).<br />
Neţinând seama nici de tehnica prin care marele stilist ponderează multe din afirmaţiile sale mai ieşite din comun (v. Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, “Cioran şi procedeul complementarităţii”) nici de contextul istoric european pe fundalul căruia s-au ivit teribilismele tânărului Cioran, dilematicul moralist reţine că România regimului burghezo-moşieresc ar fi fost “ţara oamenilor atenuaţi”, cu o atmosferă placidă, fără resurse de eroism, şi cu multe alte defecte pe care nu pridideşte să le înşire, ba îngânându-l la maturitate pe necoptul Emil Cioran, ba spicuind din recenziile la cartea de debut a acestuia.<br />
Cu un alt citat din “Ţara oamenilor atenuaţi” în care elogiat fiind “excesul, marea nebunie şi gestul absurd” (E. Cioran) era dispreţuită viaţa echilibrată a românului, articol unde tânărul de 22 de ani consemnase că a avut momente când i-a fost ruşine că este român, Andrei Pleşu inoculează indirect “ruşinea de a fi român”. Aceasta în volumul Limba păsărilor, din 1994. În primăvara anului 2010 menţionează “ruşinea de a fi român” în interviului luat de Daniela Oancea.<br />
Premiza lui  Cioran fusese în 1933 că s-a ruşinat de ţara în care “a vorbi de moarte, de suferinţă, de neant si de renunţare înseamnă a fi excroc ordinar” (Emil Cioran, Singurătate si destin; din publicistica anilor 1931-1943, Ed. Humanitas, 1991, p.230). Pe de altă parte,  “agonicul” Cioran (după cum îl numeşte Mircea Vulcănescu pe tânărul “gânditor al devenirii si al vieţii) nu uită a consemna regretul său pentru aceste clipe de ruşine. Iată pasajul: “La noi a vorbi de moarte …înseamnă a fi excroc ordinar…De aceea, am avut momente când mi-a fost ruşine că sunt român. Dar dacă regret ceva, sînt aceste momente” (op.cit.).<br />
Dezinteresat de adevărurile istorice, promovând el însuşi neadevăruri în materie de istoria comunismului în România, pentru fostul şef al tineretului comunist din Institutul de istoria artei patriotismul a îmbrăcat consecvent forma combaterii paseismului. Însăşi istoria românilor i-a apărut lui Andrei Pleşu drept paseism  “redus la o moştenire legendară confortabilă care este numai vanitate” (v. “Rigorile ideii naţionale şi legitimitatea universalului”, în rev. Secolul XX, nr. 1-2/240-242, 1981). Probabil tot pe linia combaterii vanităţii pe care ar trezi-o românilor istoria lor legendară, primarul Bucureştiului a scos în 2010 din centrul capitalei statuia  lui Mihai Viteazul care a unit la 1600 cele trei provincii româneşti într-un stat ce avea să prindă cu adevărat viaţă abia trei secole mai târziu, după mondializarea conflictului armat.<br />
De-a lungul vremii, ideile doctorului în istoria artei despre istoria românilor au rămas aşa cum le-a expus încă din vremea comunismului. Rămase pe loc, s-au fosilizat ca prejudecăţi, schimbându-şi doar forma lipsită mereu de fond. Doar după două decenii de post-comunism, în interviul luat pe 15 aprilie 2010 Andrei Pleşu a schimbat rutina gândului avut din anii optzeci. Alternativei “trecutului glorios” s-a gândit să i-o adauge pe cea a “trecutului falsificat”, spre a ajunge la condamnarea victimelor comunismului, insinuând că românii şi-ar fi “cosmetizat” nişte “pete istorice” din trecut.<br />
Să-l fi determinat la o astfel de înnoire experienţa cumulată la C.N.S.A.S.? Faptul că vreme de patru ani (până în 2004, anul mărturisirii vinovăţiei personale) ţelul C.N.S.A.S. –ului a fost să deconspire în exclusivitate oameni aflaţi la periferia totalitarismului comunist, pe baza unor documente selectate în prealabil de alţii, precum şi atenta ocolire a celor din zonele de decizie, se pare i-a lămurit unele dileme. În orice caz, strategia de lucru a C.N.S.A.S. l-a făcut pe fostul ministru să spună Rodicăi Palade că “ne-am lăsat duşi de furor… am luat hotărâri pe ce am avut. Este o inexactitate procedurală pe care eu personal mi-o asum ca pe o culpă” (6). Ceea ce nu înseamnă că din 2004 şi până în 2011 nu s-a perseverat (diabolic) în greşita procedură…</p>
<p>Note si consideraţii marginale</p>
<div id="attachment_2359" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 239px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Lucian_Blaga2.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2359" title="Lucian_Blaga2" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Lucian_Blaga2-229x300.jpg" alt="Lucian Blaga (1895-1961), Romanian Philosopher, Poet, Diplomat" width="229" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Lucian Blaga (1895-1961), Romanian Philosopher, Poet, Diplomat</p></div>
<p>1. Intr-o perfectă continuitate a strategiei de “recuperare” în condiţii mizerabile a scriitorilor interzişi decenii de-a rândul de satrapii comunişti cu putere de decizie, Editura Humanitas a scos romanul de sertar Luntrea lui Caron (1990) de Lucian Blaga şi Singurătate şi destin (1991), selecţie de articole publicate de Emil Cioran din ultimul an de facultate până în 1943, folosind o hârtie atât de proastă încât scrisul “recuperaţilor” devine pe ea aproape ilizibil. Pe o hârtie de calitate şi mai slabă, fosta editură Politică i-a mai publicat lui Cioran în 1991 Lacrimi şi sfinţi (1937;  Des larmes et des Saints, prefaţă si trad. Sanda Slolojan, L’Herne, Paris, 1986). Despre volumul alcătuit din publicistica de tinereţe a lui Cioran ar mai fi de semnalat un qui pro quo: La indicarea surselor bibliografice ale primelor cinci articole, îngrijitorul volumului trece ziarul Mişcarea. Cine vede această sursă, e tentat să creadă că la mijloc ar fi o publicaţie a Mişcării Legionare. Nicăieri în volum nu i se lămureşte cititorului că Mişcarea era un ziar al fracţiunii liberalilor conduşi de Gh. I. Brătianu, academician şi istoric de anvergură europeană arestat fără vină în lotul istoricilor închişi la Sighet de către Securitatea dirijată de NKVD-istul Nicolschi şi mai apoi asasinat în detenţie de către oamenii Ministerului de interne condus de Teohari Antonescu (/B.Tescovici).<br />
2. Din vasta operă a lui Vintilă Horia (1915-1992) respinsă cu încrâncenare de foştii ideologi comunişti reciclaţi după 1990 în ideologi ai calomniei şi ai delaţiunii (via C.N.S.A.S.) menţionăm următoarele scrieri: Acolo sus şi stelele ard (Bucureşti, 1942); Presencia del mito (Madrid, 1956); Panorama de la filosofia contemporanea (Madrid, 1959); Dumnezeu s-a născut în exil (Paris, 1960, Premiul Goncourt, trad. în româneşte Al. Castaing, Madrid, Ed. Carpatii,1980, republ. Craiova, 1991; trad. de Ileana Cantuniari, Bucureşti, 2008); Cavalerul resemnării (fr.1961, trad. Ileana Cantuniari, Craiova, 1991); Les impossibles (1962); Giovanni Papini (1963); La septieme lettre (1964); Le journal d’un campesino du Danube (Paris, 1966, Barcelona 1967, Milano, 1967); El despertar de la sombra (1967); Nuvele (Madrid, 1967, include o nuvelă despre detenţia acad. Nichifor Crainic); O femeie pentru Apocalips (1967, trad. Mihaela Pasat, Bucureşti, 2007); Viaje en los centros de la tierra (Barcelona, 1970); El viaje a San Marco (1972, Paris, 1988); Encuestra detras de lo visible (1975); Introduccion a la literatura del siglo XX (Madrid, 1976); Concideraciones sobre un mundo peor (Barcelona, 1978); Marta ou la seconde guerre (1980, sp. Barcelona, 1987); Los derechos humanos y la novela del siglo XX (Madrid, 1981); Perseguid a Boecio! (Barcelona, 1983); Un mormânt în cer (sp.Barcelona, 1987, trad. Mihai Cantuniari şi Tudora Sandru Olteanu, Bucureşti, 1994); Les clefs du crepuscule (1990); Reconquista del descubrimiento (1991). Pe lângă cele două-trei romane apărute în traducere la Craiova după “rotirea de cadre” din 1990, post-mortem, lui Vintilă Horia i s-au mai publicat câteva volume: Mai sus de miazănoapte (C.R., Bucureşti, 1992), roman istoric răutăcios recenzat de foştii comunişti pentru care orice referire la istoria românilor echivalează cu un atentat la internaţionalismul lor de două parale în lipsa accesului la alte culturi prin citirea în original. Respingerea ultimului roman, scris de Vintilă Horia în româneşte, a dus la o pauză de ani de zile când oficialii n-au mai dat nici un ban pentru traducerea faimosului scriitor, atât de preţuit pe continentul sud-american, în Franţa, Italia şi în Spania, locurile sale de exil. Apoi a apărut antologia scrierilor româneşti alcătuită de Mircea Popa sub titlul Moartea morţii mele (Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1999). După cinci ani s-a tipărit culegerea de scrieri memorialistice si de portrete (redactate în limba română) îngrijită de Nicolae Florescu: V. Horia, Suflete cu umbra pe pământ (Ed. Jurnalul literar, Bucureşti, 2004). Pe  20 noiembrie 2010, volumul alcătuit de Gabriel Stănescu (1950-21nov.2010) intitulat: V. Horia, Contra naturam- publicistica exilului (Criterion Publishing, Bucureşti 2010), s-a lansat la Târgul de carte “Gaudeamus” din Bucureşti (se poate vedea inregistrarea din Sala Cupola a Târgului Gaudeamus pe adresa  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fK9Q9HL5lI)</p>
<div id="attachment_2804" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/radu-portocala.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-2804" title="radu portocala" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/radu-portocala.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Radu Portocala</p></div>
<p>3. v. Radu Portocala, Prieteniile păguboase ale ICR, scris pe 10 dec. 2007 la adresa http://portocala.wordpress.com/category/icerisme/page/2/  precum şi Radu Portocală, interviul din “Ziua” http://stiri.kappa.ro/actualitate/06-12-2006/radu-portocala-contesta-conducerea-icr-113330.html si mai ales demisia sa din postul de director I.C.R.-Paris, dec. 2006, relatată în Cronica română:  http://www.cronicaromana.ro/index.php?editie=1226&amp;art=62352 .<br />
4. Emil Cioran, Pe culmile disperării, 1934; Sur les cimes du desespoir, publicată la Paris în 1988 de C-tin Tâcu.<br />
5. v. “blocajul în dihotomii” în A. Pleşu, Limba păsărilor (1994, p.249), reluare fără trimitere la Constantin Noica (1909-1987) a ideilor acestuia despre “logica lui Ares” din Scrisori despre logica lui Hermes, 1986 (v. Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, Contextualizări. Elemente pentru o topologie a prezentului, ISBN 978-973-814-24-2, p.46, on-line  http://www.isabelavs.go.ro).<br />
6. v. interviul luat lui Andrei Pleşu de Rodica Palade în rev. “22”, nr.763 din 19-25 oct. 2004.</p>
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		<title>THE EMERGENCE OF THE ROMANIAN PROFESSIONAL CLASS (1)</title>
		<link>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/06/the-emergence-of-the-romanian-professional-class/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Jun 2010 18:35:25 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[Pompilian]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[With the occupation of the Soviet armies in 1944 and sudden imposition of a new (communist) order those professionals who resisted the change, who run liberal professions (in Pharmacy, medicine, law, finance or other businesses) and did not join the Communist Party were at best expropriated, or marginalised without means of survival or simply sent to prison camps of hard labour, digging the Danube-Black sea canal, harvesting reeds in the Danube Delta or as political prisoners in the Carpathians copper mines. From 1949 a fast track for "reliable" replacements was set up for people with no previous college education to "qualify" as engineers, leaders of Industry or hospitals following a few months of "intensive" education (...).]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">THE  EMERGENCE OF THE ROMANIAN PROFESSIONAL CLASS &#8211; PLOIESTI 1900s</span></p>
<div id="attachment_2102" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-2102" href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/06/the-emergence-of-the-romanian-professional-class/romanian-cavalry-19c/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2102" title="Romanian Cavalry.19c" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Romanian-Cavalry.19c-300x235.jpg" alt="Romanian Royal Cavalry regiment - ca 1880" width="300" height="235" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Romanian Royal Cavalry &#39;The Redcoats&#39; (Rosiori) Regiment -  whose Honorary Colonel in Chief  was Princess Marie of Edinburgh, spouse of  Prince Ferdinand  of Hohenzollern- Heir to the Romanian throne.</p></div>
<p>From the 1840s onwards the children of Romanian nobility were educated in Paris, Rome, Vienna, Budapest or Berlin, bringing back some modern and even  revolutionary ideas: manners, dress, culture, emancipation, freedom. It  was only with the consolidation of Romanian monarchy first as a  Principality, under Alexandru Ioan Cuza  (1859-1866) and from 1866 onwards under Prince Carol of Hohenzollern  that Romania was recognized as an independent Kingdom, following the  1877 War of Independence sealed by  the Treaty of Berlin. As a result of these historic changes the urgent need for skilled professionals increased  and Romanians started to  graduate in significant numbers from native Universities in Bucharest  and Iasi respectively. The peasantry remained largely  illiterate with the exception of  village priests who could read and  write  and who doubled as village teachers. By the 1880s, after  the War of independence, the children of these Orthodox prelates aspired to a higher education in the cities &#8211;  the daughters went to private colleges &#8211; either convent schools, often  run by the Catholic nuns (<em>Baratie cathedral School</em>, <em>Notre Dame de Sion</em>)  or private boarding schools (such as <em>Pensionul Pompilian</em>) where they were taught  foreign languages, music, painting and embroidery.<br />
From 1890s onwards we find some young ladies who, after graduating from  boarding colleges or convent schools, wanted to be  gain a University education  at  the Faculties of Pharmacy, Medicine, Architecture Law or the Music  Conservatoire, although for them professional emancipation was slow to come. By contrast, their  male counterparts  benefited fully from the Kingdom&#8217;s economic growth   to start filling civil service positions  previously held by foreigners -  Austrian, German or French  graduates.  This marked the birth and ascendancy of the native Romanian professional  and political classes from 1880 to 1947.</p>
<p>With the occupation of the  Soviet armies in 1944 and sudden imposition of a new (communist) order,  those professionals who resisted the change and who practiced liberal professions  (in Pharmacy, Medicine, Law, Finance or served in  the Army) and did not  join the Communist Party,  were at best expropriated, or marginalised,  left without any means of survival. This fledgling middle class  was systematically destroyed by being dragged to jail on trumped up charges, forced into hard labour  camps,  digging the Danube-Black Sea Canal, harvesting reeds in the Danube  Delta, or working as  slave labour  in the Carpathian copper mines.</p>
<p>From  1949 onwards  the Communist Party devised fast-track courses for &#8220;reliable&#8221; substitutes, selected  from people with  no previous college education to &#8220;qualify&#8221; as engineers, leaders of  Industry or hospitals: this system involved a few months of &#8220;intensive&#8221; education  (&#8230;). If, as a result of incompetence, or lack of experience, the new ruling class-on-the make, failed in its duty, then the old professional class served as convenient scapegoats: by the mid 1950s, those Romanian professionals who were not yet reduced to pulp were blamed instead for the ensuing failures and charged with &#8216;economic  sabotage&#8217;. Once the educated elite was effectively decapitated, Romania became a prison-state under the iron fist of  dictators Gheorghiu-Dej (1948-1965) &#8211; an electrician  and his cobbler successor Nicolae Ceausescu (1965-1989).</p>
<div id="attachment_2071" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 202px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-2071" href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/06/the-emergence-of-the-romanian-professional-class/p1000420/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2071" title="P1000420" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/P1000420-192x300.jpg" alt="Doamna Stefania Livovschi (nee Burada) with her son Valeriu. ( L.A. Hirsch Ploiesti 1908. Fotografia Bulevard)" width="192" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Doamna Stefania Livovschi (nee Burada) with her son Valeriu. ( L.A. Hirsch Ploiesti 1908. Fotografia Bulevard)</p></div>
<p>The  lady seen in this photo is Stefania Burada,   whose ancestors during the 19th century founded schools and parish churches in the vast steppes of the Danube Plains, which became the &#8216;granary of Europe&#8217;. Born in the 1880s, in rural Romania,  Stefania was herself the daughter of  Reverend Constantin Burada, a  parish priest  who founded the local rural school where he served as School Master.  She was the youngest of a large brood of children most of  whom died prematurely of diphtheria. From amongst  these  only two children survived, being isolated, away from home, on the country estate of their  maternal grandfather&#8217;s  himself a priest in another village of the Danube Plains. Stefania and her younger brother Constantin reached adulthood, both of them receiving higher education: Constantin Burada  read Law in Bucharest to become a judge at the High Court of Appeal (Inalta Curte de Casatie), whilst  Stefania was educated at the Pompilian Boarding College in Calea Rahovei, Bucharest. Here  she proved to be a gifted pupil  in the class of a Transylvanian painter,  Sava Hentia (1848 &#8211; 1904), who was schooled at the <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Accademia di Luca</em></span> in Rome. This famous art school, founded in the 17th century,  produced an array of artists of international repute, such as Simon Vouet, Charles Le Brun, Antonio Canova, to name just a few.</p>
<p>At the Pompilian College Stefania Burada became a close friend of  Ecaterina Livovschi who like herself was the daughter of an Orthodox prelate, a teacher of Religious Education and Rector of St Nicholas cathedral in  Tulcea.  Ecaterina  went on to study Medicine to become an Ophtalmologist. Stefania married Ecaterina&#8217;s eldest brother Vicentiu  a graduate in Pharmacy, from the University of Bucharest. In the early 1900s the couple settled in Ploiesti, where Vicentiu bought a short lease on a Pharmacy.</p>
<div id="attachment_2073" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 247px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-2073" href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/06/the-emergence-of-the-romanian-professional-class/livovschi_vicentiu_001-2/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2073" title="Livovschi_Vicentiu_001" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Livovschi_Vicentiu_001-237x300.jpg" alt="Vicentiu Livovschi as Captain of the Tulcea Regiment of the Royal Romanian Army. After graduating in Pharmacy at the University of Bucharest he married and leased at Ploiesti the &quot;Farmacia Mihai Bravul&quot; " width="237" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Vicentiu Livovschi as Captain of the Tulcea Regiment of the Royal Romanian Army. After graduating in Pharmacy at the University of Bucharest he married and leased at Ploiesti the &quot;Farmacia Mihai Bravul&quot; </p></div>
<p>The Livovschi offspring  were all born before WWI (the eldest of whom is seen in the picture above, with his mother). All children became  University went to University Applied Chemistry and Pharmacy or modern languages.<br />
At the turn of the century Ploiesti was a booming city with a fast economic growth,  due to the oil  Industry. Oil was extracted on an industrial scale since 1856 to make Romania Europe&#8217;s second  largest oil producer, after Russia. Here were present French, Dutch,  Belgian, American and British oil companies drilling for oil and  refining it locally to export it  from the Danube ports to Central Europe or respectively  from the  Black Sea port of Constanta to Western Europe. By the early 1900s when the Livovschi moved to Ploiesti the surrounding countryside looked like the American   &#8216;Wild West&#8217;, with a forest of oil derricks and Canadian pumps called &#8216;nodding donkeys&#8217;.</p>
<div id="attachment_2127" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-2127" href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/06/the-emergence-of-the-romanian-professional-class/oil-wells-romania-1916/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2127" title="Oil wells Romania-1916" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Oil-wells-Romania-1916-300x223.jpg" alt="Ploiesti oil wells 1916 (courtesy furcuta blogspot)" width="300" height="223" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Ploiesti oil wells 1916 (courtesy furcuta blogspot)</p></div>
<p>Before WWI Stefania&#8217;s family gained in Ploiesti a high profile and social status  as  her husband got the lease of a main pharmacy in downtown &#8211; the &#8220;Farmacia  Mihai Bravu&#8221;.</p>
<div id="attachment_2072" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 224px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-2072" href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/06/the-emergence-of-the-romanian-professional-class/farm_mihai_bravul_1908_001/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2072" title="Farm_Mihai_Bravul_1908_001" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Farm_Mihai_Bravul_1908_001-214x300.jpg" alt="&quot;Farmacia Mihai Bravul&quot; Ploiesti leased by Vicentiu Livovschi (seen on the balcony with his wife and son) Photo 1908" width="214" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">&quot;Farmacia Mihai Bravul&quot; Ploiesti leased by Vicentiu Livovschi (seen on the balcony with his wife and son) Photo 1908. The man in a three-piece suit standing in front of the Pharmacy entrance  below is the father  of the composer Paul Constantinescu.</p></div>
<p>The pharmacy belonged to a Mr Schmettau (probably an Austrian  national)  and was leased for a period of five years (1906-1911)  to the 30-years old   Romanian pharmacist, Vicentiu Livovschi.  Vicentiu represented the first generation of home-grown  professional middle classes, educated in Romania. Beyond his professional activity he  played the violin whilst his two sisters, Ecaterina a graduate in Medicine and Emilia a Pharmacist played the cello and the violin respectively. Together the three siblings founded in Ploiesti  the first  classic music orchestra &#8211; &#8220;The Excelsior&#8221;. Although Vicentiu and Stefania were newcomers to Ploiesti they already had in the city several uncles, one of whom, Reverend Anghel Burada a paternal uncle was rector of St Basil Orthodox Church (Biserica Sf Vasile) and a maternal uncle Rev. Chiriac Dobreanu was Rector of Sf Ilie Tabaci Orthodox Church. So far as the intermarriages were concerned it is noteworthy  that that the wife of Rev Anghel Burada, known as  &#8216;Mitza Presbitera&#8217;, or &#8216;Coana Mitza&#8217;, was related to the artist painter George Ioachim Pompilian, who  in 1872 was busy painting the iconostasis of St Basil church Ploiesti. Ioachim Pompilian studied Fine Arts at the <em>Accademia di San Lucca</em> in Rome  and was himself the son of yet another Orthodox prelate, Reverend Ioachim  Ioachimescu,  One must recall that Stefania Livovschi, nee Burada, was educated at the Pompilian College run by Ioachim&#8217;s family, which was related to her uncle the Rev Anghel Burada.  Ioachim Pompilian went on to restore and decorate the internal frescoes of the Metropolitan cathedral in Bucharest.</p>
<p>Judging from the perspective of narrow family angle one could say  on the whole  that the social life in Ploiesti during the 1900s was very tightly knit, being based on strong tribal links. This is understandable, as all family cousins in Ploiesti were part  of  the new crop of professionals destined to play a crucial part in the  economic, social and political life of interwar  Romania, a pattern which was replicated throughout the country.  The Livovschi family passage through Ploiesti was curtailed by the First Balkan War when Vicentiu was conscripted to serve as a Captain in the Royal Romanian Army which occupied Bulgaria. As a result of this war Romania gained the territory of Southern Dobrogea which included Balcik a seaside village made fashionable by Queen Marie who built a retreat there: artists soon followed suit to form a small colony known as the &#8220;School of Balcic&#8221; &#8211; of post-Impressionist and fauvist persuasion. On being demobbed and returning to Ploiesti Vicentiu was faced by Mr Schmettau requiring a substantial increase in renewing his lease. As a result, by 1914 we find vicentiu Livovschi a Pharmacist owner of the &#8220;Drogheria Centrala&#8221; opposite the Townhall of Buzau. (see THE EMERGENCE OF THE ROMANIAN PROFESSIONAL CLASS (2) &#8211; BUZAU &#8211; 1914 &#8211; 1948)</p>
<div id="attachment_2085" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 210px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-2085" href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/06/the-emergence-of-the-romanian-professional-class/burada-ploiesti/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2085" title="Burada ploiesti" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Burada-ploiesti-200x300.jpg" alt="St Basil orthodox Cathedral Ploiesti - marble plaque commemorating Rev. Anghel Burada" width="200" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">St Basil Orthodox Cathedral church (biserica Sf. Vasile) Ploiesti - marble plaque commemorating Rev. Anghel Burada </p></div>
<div id="attachment_2095" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 209px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-2095" href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/06/the-emergence-of-the-romanian-professional-class/sf_ilie_tabaci_ploiesti-2/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2095" title="Sf_Ilie_Tabaci_Ploiesti.-2" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Sf_Ilie_Tabaci_Ploiesti.-2-199x300.jpg" alt="Belfry of St Ilie-Tabaci Orthodox parish church Ploiesti, where Rev Chiriac Dobreanu was Rector at the end of teh 19th century" width="199" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Belfry of St Ilie-Tabaci Orthodox parish church Ploiesti, where Rev Chiriac Dobreanu was Rector at the end of the 19th century (Photo courtesy Eyebrowed, flickr)</p></div>
<div id="attachment_2092" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 192px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-2092" href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/06/the-emergence-of-the-romanian-professional-class/rev-chiriac-dobreanu/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2092" title="rev. Chiriac Dobreanu" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/rev.-Chiriac-Dobreanu-182x300.jpg" alt="Rev Chiriac Dobreanu (ca 1850-1910), rector of Sf Ilie Tabaci Orthodox church, Ploiesti and maternal uncle of Stefania Burada. He had eight children." width="182" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Rev Chiriac Dobreanu (ca 1850-1910), rector of Sf Ilie Tabaci Orthodox church, Ploiesti and maternal uncle of Stefania Burada. He had eight children all of whom were graduates.</p></div>
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		<title>Book Review: &#8220;Once Upon Another Time&#8221; by Jessica Douglas-Home</title>
		<link>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/04/book-review-once-upon-a-time-by-jessica-douglas-home/</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/04/book-review-once-upon-a-time-by-jessica-douglas-home/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Apr 2010 12:47:56 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA["Once upon Another Time"]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[    Once upon another time
by Jessica Douglas-Home.
Quotation from page 169-170;
    &#34;the Arbuthnots (British Ambassador to Romania, - LC note) second party took place that evening - a lavish buffet for twenty. As with the first one, people sat in huddles whispering on the stairs and in corners.  A gaunt professor of architecture entered and for a time seemed frozen by the sight of the two tables piled high with unheard of delicacies. A waiter broke the spell by handing him a glass of wine from a silver tray whereupon he fell on the food like a starving man. 

(LC note- Romanians had next to nothing to eat under Ceausescu in the 1980s, except chicken claws).

    I have a picture of Plesu and Liicianu stretching their legs out from the deep velvet sofa, arms clasped behind their necks, their eyes glinting amusedly at me, relaxed and at peace with themselves.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><img src="file:///Users/croman/Pictures/iPhoto%20Library/Modified/2010/Jessica%20Douglas-Home/P1150449.JPG" alt="" /></p>
<div id="attachment_1838" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 202px"><a rel="attachment wp-att-1838" href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/04/book-review-once-upon-a-time-by-jessica-douglas-home/jessica-douglas-home/"><img class="size-medium wp-image-1838" title="jessica douglas-home" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/jessica-douglas-home-192x300.jpg" alt="&quot;Once Upon a Time&quot; - Memoirs of Ceausescu's Romania" width="192" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">&quot;Once Upon Another Time&quot; - Memoirs of Ceausescu&#39;s Romania</p></div>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;"><em><strong>Once upon Another Time</strong></em><br />
by Jessica Douglas-Home</span>.<br />
Michael Russell Publishers, Norwich, 2000,<br />
Hardback, 231 pages<br />
ISBN  0 85955 259 4</p>
<p>Memoirs of Ceausescu&#8217;s Romania of the 1980s<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;">Jessica Douglas-Home</span> (pronounced Hume) is a British  painter, theatre stage designer and writer who during the 1980s dour period of Communist dictatorship got involved in the fledgling Human Rights movement first in Czechoslovakia and subsequently in Poland, Hungary and Romania. Jessica&#8217;s husband was   a defence correspondent for The Times who was jailed in Prague during the Soviet invasion of 1968. He was later to become Editor of The Times and a friend of PM Margaret Thatcher. Unfortunately he died before the fall of the Iron Courtain, but his widow continued her involvement in a cloak-and-dagger series of visits which are described vividly in the pages of this book revealing the sinister face of communism, the malnutrition of ordinary folk and the systematic destruction of the historic monuments and memory of a cowered society.</p></blockquote>
<p>Having come under the radar of Romania&#8217;s Secret services &#8211; the infamous Securitate, Jessica is described as: <em></em></p>
<blockquote><p><em>a very dangerous lady</em></p></blockquote>
<p>However and quite surprisingly, this does not seem to have precluded the same Secret services in allowing hand-picked individuals such as Andrei Plesu and Gabriel Liicianu to frequent the same dinner parties given by the British Envoy in Bucharest in honour of the visiting Mrs Douglas-Home &#8211; quite extraordinary given the circumastances (see quotes below), but then the whole book is full of such extraordinary episodes.</p>
<blockquote><p>Quotation from page 169-170;<br />
<em>&amp;quot;<span style="color: #ff0000;">the Arbuthnots</span> (British Ambassador to Romania, &#8211; LC note) second party took place that evening &#8211; a lavish buffet for twenty. As with the first one, people sat in huddles whispering on the stairs and in corners.  A gaunt professor of architecture entered and for a time seemed frozen by the sight of the two tables piled high with unheard of delicacies. A waiter broke the spell by handing him a glass of wine from a silver tray whereupon he fell on the food like a starving man. </em></p></blockquote>
<p>(LC note- Romanians had next to nothing to eat under Ceausescu in the 1980s, except chicken claws).</p>
<blockquote><p><em>I have a picture of <span style="color: #ff0000;">Plesu and Liicianu </span>stretching their legs out from the deep velvet sofa, arms clasped behind their necks, their eyes glinting amusedly at me, relaxed and at peace with themselves.</em></p></blockquote>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">COMMENTS:</span><br />
* it speaks volumes for the bad manners of Plesu and Liicianu to</p>
<blockquote><p><em>stretch their legs out of the deep sofa, </em></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p><em>with their arms behind their necks (sic); </em></p></blockquote>
<p>- at best a posture of ill-bred rugger muffins, completely out of place for the occasion, although perhaps quite acceptable at Communist Party rallies.</p>
<blockquote><p>l<em>ooking amusedly</em></p></blockquote>
<p>and</p>
<blockquote><p><em>completely relaxed and content with themselves </em></p></blockquote>
<p>as opposed to the rest of the guests who were</p>
<blockquote><p><em>whispering on the stairs and in corners&#8230;huddled together &#8230; </em></p></blockquote>
<p>Plesu and Liicianu&#8217;s contrasting  body language compared to the rest of the guests again speaks volumes about the two &#8220;philosophers&#8221; who after 1989 were going to improve their privileged position. But what cries out loud from the above paragraph  is HOW WAS IT AT ALL POSSIBLE for Plesu and Liiceanu to frequent the British Embassy during the harshest period of communist terrorism in Romania AND feel so relaxed, even content with themselves???</p>
<p>The above situation, whereby the Plesu-Liicieanu couple were allowed to visit the British Embassy in Bucharest in the 1980s, is even stranger if one  thinks that their host &#8211; HE Hugh Arbuthnot, British Ambassador to Romania was the butt of some very rough treatment in the hands of the Securitate agents in Cluj where the  Ambassador went to visit the dissident Academic Doina Cornea.</p>
<p>Clearly in such context, Messrs Plesu and Liicianu  knew very well at the time  what it was all about and they also knew what they were doing! Any further speculative questions about the real meaning of their visits to the British Embassy during Ceausescu&#8217;s dictatorship are therefore superfluous, to say the least!</p>
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		<title>Curierul Romanesc, Suedia (nr 4, 2009):  Interviul luat de Silvia Constantinescu autorului Antologiei &#8216;Blouse Roumaine -the Unsung Voices of Romanian Women&#8217; (partea II-a):</title>
		<link>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/02/curierul-romanesc-suedia-nr-4-2009-interviul-luat-de-silvia-constantinescu-autorului-antologiei-blouse-roumaine-the-unsung-voices-of-romanian-women-partea-ii-a/</link>
		<comments>http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/2010/02/curierul-romanesc-suedia-nr-4-2009-interviul-luat-de-silvia-constantinescu-autorului-antologiei-blouse-roumaine-the-unsung-voices-of-romanian-women-partea-ii-a/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Feb 2010 10:40:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>editor</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Cum a întâmpinat Institutul Cultural Român si alte institutii de cultura din România aceasta lucrare? Ai primit vreun sprijin?

C.R.: Institutului Cultural Român si editurile din România au  aratat un dezinteres total!Explicati-mi, va rog, ce anume s-a schimbat în mentalitatea Tranzitiei, chiar dupa ce am intrat cu oistea româneasca în gardul Europei?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_1391" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 222px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-1391" title="CR08401" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/CR084011-212x300.jpg" alt="&quot;Curierul Romanesc&quot;, a romanian language Quarterly, Sweden, Oct-Dec 2009" width="212" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">&quot;Curierul Romanesc&quot;, a romanian language Quarterly, Sweden, Oct-Dec 2009</p></div>
<p><strong><em>&#8220;Curierul Romanesc&#8221;,</em> Suedia (nr 4, 2009): </strong></p>
<p><strong>Interviul luat de Silvia Constantinescu autorului Antologiei<em> </em></strong></p>
<p><strong><em>&#8216;Blouse Roumaine -the Unsung Voices of Romanian Women&#8217; </em></strong></p>
<p><strong>(Partea II-a):</strong></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong><em></p>
<div id="attachment_2144" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 256px"><strong><em><a href="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Silvia3.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-2144" title="Silvia3" src="http://www.romanianstudies.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Silvia3-246x300.jpg" alt="Doamna Silvia Constantinescu (Suedia). Photo Courtesy Octavian Ciupitu" width="246" height="300" /></a></em></strong><p class="wp-caption-text">Doamna SilviaConstantinescu (Suedia). Courtesy: Octavian Ciupitu.</p></div>
<p>Silvia Constantinescu: Fii, te rog, amabil si prezinta cititorilor CURIERULUI ROMÂNESC problemele avute în munca de cercetare si realizare a antologiei.</em></strong></span></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p><strong>Constantin Roman:</strong> Sunt obisnuit cu munca de cercetare de când eram în liceu si mai tarziu din profesia mea, ceea ce îmi permite de la început sa am o ideie clara în care sa încadrez o lucrare de genul Antologiei femeilor din România. Nu este usor din mai multe motive: ignoranta si desinteresul publicului larg din strainatate fata de România si tot ce reprezinta ea în afara de stereotipia: Dracula, Ceausescu, orfelinate, coruptie, infractiune. Am fost întrebat fara menajamente de un editor strain:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>“Femei din România? Care femei? Nu cunosc decât trei!”</em></p></blockquote>
<p>La care i-am raspuns ca</p>
<blockquote><p><em>”aecsta este un început promitator”… </em></p></blockquote>
<p>Omul avea dreptate! Cautând pe Google doua cuvinte cheie ”Romania + women” am gasit pagini întregi doare de anunturi de servicii sexuale, agentii de escorta si retele de bordeluri. Trist, dar adevarat! Dar gândindu-ma mai mult mi-am dat seama ca nici eu nu eram mai breaz, daca m-ar fi întrebat cineva câte nume de femei celebre as fi putut enumera din Bulgaria, Ungaria sau Polonia? Desigur ca sufar si eu ca toti românii de complexul apartenentei unei “tari mici”, exprimându-se într-o limba de circulatie redusa… Poate din acest motiv simtind povara acestui handicap încercam în mod eroic si naiv sa corectam pe undeva aceasta realitate incomoda! Dar unde si cum sa începem?</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong><em>S.C.: Care este ideea de baza a antologiei </em></strong><strong><em>&#8220;Blouse Roumaine &#8211; the Unsung Voices of Românian Women&#8221;? </em></strong></span></p>
<p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p><strong>C.R.:</strong> În primul rând trebuie sa atragi si sa mentii atentia unui public amorf, care în general nu se intereseaza de un asemenea subiect. Este evident ca ”Antologia” vizeaza un public inteligent, care sa aiba în plus o minte iscoditoare, o pasiune pentru un unghi nou, pentru o perspectiva noua, un subiect poate inedit. Ca sa îl interesezi trebuie sa-l atragi pe un teren cu care sa se simta familiar – prin aceasta vreau sa spun, sa ofer o punte de legatura între polul de cultura ai istorie româneasca pe de o parte, ai, la celalalt capat, un punct de interes international. Acesta din urma poate fi un eveniment istoric care leaga România de exterior. În acest scop am facut trimiteri la personaje de statura internationala cunoscute cititorului, un om politic sau un scriitor, critic sau artist de reputatie mondiala. Deci am încercat sa nu privesc la România si la românce în mod izolat, ci în concertul unor natiuni si culturi universale. Bine înteles ca asemenea legaturi trebuie gasite si prezentate convingator, inteligent si chiar anecdotic. Asta este o conditie absolut sine-qua-non pentru ca o carte arida despre un subiect specializat si în mod evident “obscur” pierde în mod automat interesul publicului, dar mult mai important, pierde interesul unui editor sau agent literar care s-ar interesa sa publice o asemenea carte.</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong><em>S.C.: Ca bibliotecara am remarcat imediat importanta acestei lucrari de referinta, mai ales pentru ca fiind prezentata în limba engleza, are marele avantaj de a putea fi consultata de o paleta forte variata de cititori, de la elevi de scoala, la studenti, cercetatori si alti interesati de informatii despre România. Ea aduce astfel un mare serviciu României prin difuzarea cunostiintelor despre România unui public larg.  Cum a întâmpinat Institutul Cultural Român si alte institutii de cultura din România aceast</em></strong><strong><em>a</em><em> lucrare? Ai primit vreun sprijin?</em></strong></span></p>
<p><strong>C.R.:</strong> Institutului Cultural Român si editurile din România au  aratat un dezinteres total! Sigur pentru a corecta ignoranta despre România nu ajunge o singura carte si nu ne putem astepta la miracole, dar ar fi poate un început, dar pentru a creea un interes mai larg ar trebui sa se ocupe guvernul român si oficialii lui din strainatate. Ori stim prea bine lipsa de competenta si de interes al acestora, daca judecam cel putin dupa nivelul realizarilor – suntem prost reprezentati de persoane care nu înteleg limba si cultura, carora le lipseste &#8216;suprafata&#8217; si modul de comunicare cu publicul tarii unde sunt afectati. De patru zeci de ani de când sunt în Occident nu am vazut nici un articol de fond al vreunui atasat cultural sau diplomat român sau mai târziu al vreunui reprezentant al Institutului Cultural Român în strainatate care sa apara într-un ziar sau revista prestigioasa de circulatie cu maximum de impact, nici macar când România era sistematic denigrata de presa straina. Cu ce îsi justifica existenta acesti lefegii? Evident perceptia competentei sau a patriotismului lor care se face cu surle si trâmbite este complect strâmba, iar banii si timpul se irosesc de pomana. Ca un corolar al celor de mai sus desigur ca ideea lansarii unei antologii de genul acesta ramâne un fenomen izolat si nu un substitut a ceea ce ar trebui sa fie un produs sprijinit oficial de România sau macar de acele edituri românesti care îsi aroga întâietatea în panegericul culturii noastre: ori aici va dau doar doua exemple: mai intai ca editurile din România sunt insensibile la o astfel de oferta &#8211; am plimbat timp de un an si jumatate, poate chiar mai mult macheta antologiei<em> “Blouse roumaine”</em>, începând cu târgul de carte <em>Bookarest</em> si apoi la o duzina  de edituri, pe care nu le mai numesc, si toate încercarile s-au soldat cu esec si o pierdere de timp colosala cauzate de persoane care în principiu ar fi trebuit sa promoveze valorile culturii noastre în strainatate – al doilea exemplu &#8211; Institutul Cultural Român de la promisiuni fara acoperire la invocarea unei <em>”Românii sarace” (sic).</em></p>
<p>Despre practica promisiunilor fara acoperire a domnilor Buzura si Patapievici, în alt context,  nu-l mai pomenesc. Însa mai recent, la Paris, am fost îndemnat de un personaj important  sa solicit sprijinul ICR-ului din Franta.  Gasisem un editor cunoscut care ar fi fost interesat sa publice în traducere manuscrisul din engleza înainte chiar ca acesta sa fi aparut în Anglia si Statele Unite. Deci aveam recomandarea unui istoric francez marcant care sprijinea aceasta initiativa si îmi facuse contactul cu ICR la Paris. Trebuie sa spun ca am umerii largi si nu ma formalizez de un raspuns negativ, care în mod previzibil l-am si primit, dar am ramas consternat de maniera agresiva cu care am fost tratat – bine înteles nu chiar la nivelul mitocaniei care o înfruntam în cotidianul din tara, dar o atitudine care mi-a amintit de limbajul de lemn al proceselor de vrajitoare al anilor stalinisti, citez:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>“Dar de ce nu traduceti Dvs cartea, caci vad ca vorbiti frantuzeste foarte bine!”</em></p></blockquote>
<p>Desigur o întrebare care nu i-ar fi pus-o domnului Plesu a carui teza de doctorat tocmai o publicau în Franta (o teza de 190 pagini tiparita la editura &#8216;Somogy&#8217; in Sept. 2007, contra unui cost de <em>28.500 <em>de euro platit de ICR)</em> </em>si au cumparat-o integral înainte sa ajunga în librarii – episod despre care a vorbit domnul Portocala. Oare traducerea a fost platita de ICR pentru ca dl Plesu nu stia frantuzeste, ori pentru simplul motiv ca banii contribuabililor erau automat canalizati spre o asfel de destinatie?</p>
<p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
<p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
<p>Si mai departe:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>“Vai, domnule, cum sa va platim o asemenea traducere? România este o tara foarte saraca!”</em></p></blockquote>
<p>Sigur ca nu i-am raspuns:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>de ce suntem saraci? pentru ca se fura ca în codru si ca putinii bani care mai ramân sunt folosti în înteresul cumetriilor!</em></p></blockquote>
<p>Dar ceea ce a pus bomboana pe coliva a fost o gaselnita, un argument stalinist folosit de altfel si în celebra ”Istorie a literaturii Române” a lui George Calinescu, publicata de România la UNESCO la sfarsitul anilor ’80:</p>
<blockquote><p>“Cartea Dvs nu este româneasca (sic!) pentru ca manuscrisul original este scris în engleza!”</p></blockquote>
<p>Exact cum spunea acel George Calinescu care servea regimul comunist decretând ca:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>“Scriitorii români din strainatate care publicau în limbi straine dovedeau o lipsa de patriotism.&#8221; </em></p></blockquote>
<p>Explicati-mi, va rog, ce anume s-a schimbat în mentalitatea Tranzitiei, chiar dupa ce am intrat cu oistea româneasca în gardul Europei?</p>
<p>Înterlocuoarea mea, pe atunci adjuncta la ICR Paris si acum ocupând primul post dupa demisia colegului sau în urma scandalului cunoscut (din 2007), era o distinsa poetesa care prin definitie ar fi trebuit sa demonstreze o convergenta de idei si sa sprijine propunerea, iar daca nu mai avea fonduri (pt ca le cheltuise pentru filosofia tanarului student Plesu) , sa sugereze alternative.</p>
<p>Atitudinea era cu atât mai neverosimila cu cât venisem cu acea înalta recomandare fata de care ar fi trebuit macar sa ma trateze cu mai multa curtoazie, daca nu era capabila sa tina seama de personajul respectiv. De abea dupa aceeasta conversatie epica am înteles, asa cum se întâmpla cu ”<em>mintea românului cea de pe urma”</em>, ca reactia dumneaei era de fapt previzibila în cea mai buna traditie a educatiei primite &#8211; în spiritul literaturii tractoriste - pentru ca mai avea si alti barzi prin familie:</p>
<blockquote><p>”un caz unic de doua generatii lirice în aceasi familie, fenomen ce nu a mai existat în literatura universala de la Alphonse Daudet încoace, unde tatal si fiul erau poeti!”&#8230;</p></blockquote>
<p>asa ne informa un interviu dat la Bucuresti de înterlocutoarea mea pariziana.</p>
<p>Dar sa lasam la o parte aceste mici neajunsuri si sa revenim la dificultatile de cercetare întrinseca a acestei Antologii. Surse de informatie sarace si încomplecte ceea ce a necesitat confruntarea acelorasi detalii din surse diferite de multe ori fara rezultat. Am cumparat sute de carti în diverse limbi, am facut cautari infinite pe Internet, am telefonat în România si în strainatate, am intervievat persoane în diverse tari direct si la telefon. Sigur ca în cursul acestor cautari am întâlnit niste femei exceptionale în România, dar si în multe alte tari care mi-au pus timpul lor la dispozitie fara nici o reticenta. Am tradus în engleza circa sase sute de citate românesti inclusiv versuri, am compilat discografii, liste de spectacole si de expozitii personale.</p>
<p>(Urmare in Partea a III-a)</p>
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